開封

See also: 开封

Chinese

		open opening up	the borders the borderlands
trad. (開封)		開	封
simp. (开封)		开	封
anagram		封開／封开

Etymology

As a district and city in Henan, named in the late 8th century BC by the Zhuang Duke of Zheng as he settled new territory.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāifēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄈㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ fung¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khui-hong

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāifēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄈㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kaifong
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-fêng¹
    • Yale: kāi-fēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaifeng
    • Palladius: кайфэн (kajfɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāifēngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄈㄥㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kaifongr
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-fêng¹-ʼrh
    • Yale: kāi-fēngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaifengl
    • Palladius: кайфэнр (kajfɛnr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi¹ fung¹
    • Yale: hōi fūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ fung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-hong
    • Tâi-lô: khui-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qui'hofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui³³ hɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

Verb

開封

1. to unseal, to break open a seal

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Kāifēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄈㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ fung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Khôi-fûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): koi¹ fung¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): Kăi-hŭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Khai-hong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kai¹ hong¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khe-fon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Kāifēng → Kāifeng (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄈㄥ → ㄎㄞ ˙ㄈㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Kaifo̊ng
    • Wade–Giles: Kʻai¹-fêng⁵
    • Yale: Kāi-feng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Kai.feng
    • Palladius: Кайфэн (Kajfɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/ → /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ²/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi¹ fung¹
    • Yale: hōi fūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ fung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Khôi-fûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: koi´ fung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: koi¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: koi¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoɪ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Kăi-hŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁵⁵ ^(h-)uŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khai-hong
    • Tâi-lô: Khai-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qai'hofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ hɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kai¹ hong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khai hong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹khe-fon
    • MiniDict: khe^平 fon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khe-fon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

Proper noun

開封

1. (～市) Kaifeng (a city in Henan, China)

Synonyms

• (archaic, historical) 汴梁 (Biànliáng)

Descendants

• → Thai: ไคฟง

References

• "Kaifeng—Ancient Capital" from the China Internet Information Center, State Council Information Office of the PRC

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
開	封
かい Grade: 3	ふう Grade: S
goon

Noun

開(かい)封(ふう) • (kaifū) 

1. breaking-open of a seal

   未(み)開(かい)封(ふう)のまま賞(しょう)味(み)期(き)限(げん)を過(す)ぎてしまった牛(ぎゅう)乳(にゅう)

   mikaifū no mama shōmi kigen o sugiteshimatta gyūnyū

   milk that has passed its expiration date without ever being opened

2. unsealed mail

Verb

開(かい)封(ふう)する • (kaifū suru) suru (stem 開(かい)封(ふう)し (kaifū shi), past 開(かい)封(ふう)した (kaifū shita))

1. to break open a seal

Conjugation

Conjugation of "開封する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	開封し	かいふうし	kaifū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	開封し	かいふうし	kaifū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	開封する	かいふうする	kaifū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	開封する	かいふうする	kaifū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	開封すれ	かいふうすれ	kaifū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	開封せよ¹ 開封しろ²	かいふうせよ¹ かいふうしろ²	kaifū seyo¹ kaifū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	開封される	かいふうされる	kaifū sareru
Causative	開封させる 開封さす	かいふうさせる かいふうさす	kaifū saseru kaifū sasu
Potential	開封できる	かいふうできる	kaifū dekiru
Volitional	開封しよう	かいふうしよう	kaifū shiyō
Negative	開封しない	かいふうしない	kaifū shinai
Negative continuative	開封せず	かいふうせず	kaifū sezu
Formal	開封します	かいふうします	kaifū shimasu
Perfective	開封した	かいふうした	kaifū shita
Conjunctive	開封して	かいふうして	kaifū shite
Hypothetical conditional	開封すれば	かいふうすれば	kaifū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
開	封
かい Grade: 3	ほう Grade: S
kan'on

Proper noun

開(かい)封(ほう) • (Kaihō) 

1. Kaifeng (a city in Henan, China)

Korean

Hanja in this term
開	封

Noun

開封 • (gaebong) (hangeul 개봉)

1. hanja form^? of 개봉