市

See also: 帀 and 巿

市	U+5E02, 市 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E02

← 币
[U+5E01]

CJK Unified Ideographs

布 →
[U+5E03]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.

Han characterEdit

市 (radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)

Derived charactersEdit

伂, 姉, 㧊, 沛, 昁, 肺, 柿, 㸬, 鈰(铈), 鬧/閙(闹)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 328, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
Unihan data for U+5E02

Usage notesEdit

This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF) ("type of clothing in ancient China") which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		市

Wikipedia has an article on:

市

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 市
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djɯʔ): semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).

EtymologyEdit

Possibly related to Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːᶜ (“to buy”), whence Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): шы (šɨ, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): si⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): si⁴, si^4*
Gan (Wiktionary): si⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
Jin (Wiktionary): si³
Min Bei (KCR): chī
Min Dong (BUC): chê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhī / chhǐ / sī / sǐ

(Teochew, Peng'im): ci⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): shr⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: шы (šɨ, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: si⁵
  - Yale: síh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: si⁴, si^4*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹/, /si²¹⁻²¹⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: si⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛi²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhī
  - Tâi-lô: tshī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰi³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǐ
  - Tâi-lô: tshǐ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
  - Tâi-lô: sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: si
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕi²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
  - Tâi-lô: sǐ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕi²²/

Note:

chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
sī/sǐ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ci⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi³⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zr (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻z̩²³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: shr⁵
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²¹/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²¹/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑɨ^X/

Rime
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時止切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ʑiə^X/
Wang Li	/ʑĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[d]əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*djɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[d]əʔ/
English	market (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.