封
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han characterEdit
封 (radical 41 寸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土木戈 (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition ⿰圭寸)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 294, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
- Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 504, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5C01
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
封 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (封) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 幫 | *paːŋ |
| 鞤 | *paːŋ |
| 封 | *poŋ, *poŋs |
| 葑 | *poŋ, *poŋs |
| 犎 | *poŋ |
| 崶 | *poŋ |
| 湗 | *poŋs |
丰 (“field, ear of grass”) + 寸 (“control”).
In modern form, left component is written instead as 圭 (土土), with two vertical strokes, rather than as 丰 (one vertical stroke).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fung1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng
- Min Dong (BUC): hŭng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): fon (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ
- Wade-Giles: fêng1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feng
- IPA (key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fung1
- Yale: fūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fung1
- Guangdong Romanization: fung1
- IPA (key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng
- Hakka Romanization System: fung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: fung1
- IPA: /fuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng
- IPA (key): /huŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang1 / hong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang / hong
- IPA (key): /huaŋ³³/, /hoŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- huang1 - vernacular;
- hong1 - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: fon (T1)
- IPA (key): /fʊŋ⁵³/
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 封 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /fəŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /fəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /fəŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /fəŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /fəŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /fəŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /fəŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /fə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /fəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /fə̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /fɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /foŋ/ | |
| Nanjing | /fən³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /fəŋ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /fəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /xuŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /fə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /foŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /foŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /hoŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /fʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /fan¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xoŋ³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɸən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /fuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /foŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /fuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /huŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hoŋ³³/ /huaŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /foŋ²³/ /ʔbaŋ²³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 封 | 封 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府容切 | 方用切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pɨoŋ/ | /pɨoŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pioŋ/ | /pioŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pioŋ/ | /pioŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/puawŋ/ | /puawŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/pioŋ/ | /pioŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/pĭwoŋ/ | /pĭwoŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pi̯woŋ/ | /pi̯woŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fēng | fèng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 封 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fēng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pjowng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*p(r)oŋ/ |
| English | raise a mound; enfeoff |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 封 | 封 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3253 | 3259 |
| Phonetic component |
封 | 封 |
| Rime group |
東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
封 | 葑 |
| Old Chinese |
/*poŋ/ | /*poŋs/ |
| Notes | 甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註，表封土植木爲封疆 | |
DefinitionsEdit
封
- to close; to seal; to bind
- envelope; letter
- cover of a book
- feudal; feudalism
- to blacklist; to force out
- Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail.
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 封
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
封 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune-Reischauer pong)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.