U+5C01, 封
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C01

[U+5C00]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C02]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 41, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土木戈 (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 294, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 504, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5C01

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.

Glyph originEdit

Ideogrammic compound (會意): (field, ear of grass) + (control).

In modern form, left component is written instead as (土土), with two vertical strokes, rather than as (one vertical stroke).

EtymologyEdit

Area etymon (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan ཕུང་པོ (phung po, heap), Tibetan སྤུང (spung, heap), Lepcha a-pŭŋ (a heap; a stock), Mizo [Term?] (puŋᴴ), [Term?] (punᴸ, increase; assemble), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴴ), vûn (vuunᴸ, swollen), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴿ, heap; mound), Chepang भुङ्‌हसा (bhuŋh-, to be burst or peak of activity (flowering, field work etc.)). Compare also Khmer ពោង (poong, protuberances/bumps on an animal's head), Khmer សំពោង (sɑmpoong, puffed up; swollen).

(OC *proːŋ, “country”) may be the same etymon (Wang, 1982, Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit


Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
Note:
  • huang1 - vernacular;
  • hong1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /fəŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /fəŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /fəŋ²¹/
    Jinan /fəŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /fəŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /fəŋ²¹/
    Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /foŋ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /fən³¹/
    Hefei /fəŋ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /foŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /foŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /hoŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /fan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /xoŋ³³/
    Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /fuŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /fuŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /foŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /fuŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /fuŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hoŋ³³/
    /huaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /foŋ²³/
    /ʔbaŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (1) (1)
    Final () (7) (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () III III
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pɨoŋ/ /pɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puawŋ/ /puawŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭwoŋ/ /pĭwoŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /pi̯woŋ/ /pi̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    fēng fèng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fung1 fung3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    fēng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pjowng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*p(r)oŋ/
    English raise a mound; enfeoff

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3253 3259
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*poŋ/ /*poŋs/
    Notes

    DefinitionsEdit

     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    1. (literary) border; boundary
    2. (literary) to raise a mound
    3. to close; to seal; to bind
        ―  fēng  ―  to close'; to seal off
        ―  bīngfēng  ―  to be frozen
      罐子  ―  bǎ guànzi fēng shàng  ―  to seal the jar
    4. to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
    5. envelope; wrapper
        ―  xìnfēng  ―  envelope; letter
    6. cover of a book
        ―  fēngmiàn  ―  cover of a book
    7. Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail.all nouns using this classifier
      信函  ―  fēng xìnhán  ―  an envelope
    8. to confer (a title) upon; to enfeoff
    9. (literary, of emperors) to build an altar to worship heaven
        ―  fēngshàn  ―  to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth
    10. Short for 封建主義封建主义 (fēngjiàn zhǔyì, “feudalism”).
    11. a surname

    CompoundsEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. to seal, to close

    ReadingsEdit

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    (eumhun (bonghal bong))

    1. Hanja form? of (letter, envelope).

    (eumhun 묻을 (mudeul pyeom))

    1. Hanja form? of (close, hide, seal).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Nôm readings: phong

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.