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封

封 U+5C01, 封
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C01
← 尀
[U+5C00] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 専 →
[U+5C02]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

封 (radical 41, 寸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土土木戈 (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition ⿰圭寸)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 294, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 504, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5C01

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 封

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (封) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
幫 *paːŋ
鞤 *paːŋ
封 *poŋ, *poŋs
葑 *poŋ, *poŋs
犎 *poŋ
崶 *poŋ
湗 *poŋs

丰 (“field, ear of grass”) + 寸 (“control”).

In modern form, left component is written instead as 圭 (土土), with two vertical strokes, rather than as 丰 (one vertical stroke).

PronunciationEdit

Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
Note:
  • huang1 - vernacular;
  • hong1 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 封
    Mandarin Beijing /fəŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /fəŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /fəŋ²¹/
    Jinan /fəŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /fəŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /fəŋ²¹/
    Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /foŋ/
    Nanjing /fən³¹/
    Hefei /fəŋ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /foŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /foŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /hoŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /fan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /xoŋ³³/
    Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /fuŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /fuŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /foŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /fuŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /fuŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hoŋ³³/
    /huaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /foŋ²³/
    /ʔbaŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 封 封
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 府容切 方用切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pɨoŋ/ /pɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puawŋ/ /puawŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭwoŋ/ /pĭwoŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯woŋ/ /pi̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fēng fèng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 封
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fēng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pjowng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*p(r)oŋ/
    English raise a mound; enfeoff

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 封 封
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 3253 3259
    Phonetic
    component         		封 封
    Rime
    group         		東 東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		封 葑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*poŋ/ /*poŋs/
    Notes 甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註，
    表封土植木爲封疆

    DefinitionsEdit

    封

    1. to close; to seal; to bind
    2. to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
    3. envelope; letter
    4. cover of a book
    5. feudal; feudalism
    6. to blacklist; to force out
    7. (of emperors) to worship heaven
      • 封禪 / 封禅  ―  fēngshàn  ―  to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth
    8. Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail.
    9. A surname​.
    10. to enfeoff

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 封

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    封

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. to seal, to close

    ReadingsEdit

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    封 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    封 (phong)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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