넷
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| 네넥넦넧넨넩넪 넫넬넭넮넯넰넱 넲넳넴넵넶넷넸 넹넺넻넼넽넾넿 | |
| 너 ← | → 녀 |
|---|---|
Jeju edit
Alternative forms edit
- 네 (ne) (for counters)
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
넷 (net)
Synonyms edit
See also edit
- 마은 (ma'eun, “forty”)
References edit
- “넷” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.
Korean edit
Etymology edit
| 40 | ||
| ← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 넷 (net) Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo) Sino-Korean: 사 (sa) Hanja: 四 Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae) | ||
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 넿〯 (Yale: něyh). A form similar to the Middle Korean is first attested in the twelfth-century Jilin leishi, which gives the Korean word for "four" as */nai/.
Beyond the Leishi, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "four" is difficult, although Alexander Vovin posits *neki as the direct antecedent (via metathesis) of Middle Korean něyh, on the strength of the Middle Korean form 넉〯 (Yale: něk, “four”, determiner form taken before certain classifiers).[1] See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Four.
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ne̞(ː)t̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [넫(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | net |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nes |
| McCune–Reischauer? | net |
| Yale Romanization? | nēys |
Numeral edit
넷 • (net)
Usage notes edit
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Related terms edit
- 네 (ne, “four”, determiner)
- 너 (neo, “four”, determiner before certain words, fossilized)
- 넉 (neok, “four”, determiner before certain words, fossilized)
See also edit
- 마흔 (maheun, “forty”)
References edit
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin[1], University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 181