𐰼 U+10C3C, 𐰼
OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AER
𐰻
[U+10C3B]
Old Turkic 𐰽
[U+10C3D]

Old Turkic

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Etymology 1

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Derived from Ancient Greek Ρ (R, rho) through intermediaries.

Letter

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𐰼 ()

  1. A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /r/, used with front vowels.

References

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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (to be). Cognate with Turkish imek (to be), Uzbek emoq, Yakut эр (er, to be).

Verb

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𐰼 (er-)

  1. (intransitive) to be (something, somewhere)
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 3

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Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (man). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).

Noun

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𐰼 (er)

  1. man, human male

Adjective

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𐰼 (er)

  1. male

Derived terms

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References

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Etymology 4

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Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (to reach). Cognate with Turkish ermek. Compare also Hungarian ér (to reach)

Noun

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𐰼 (er-)

  1. (intransitive) to reach
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 5

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Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Turkish -er.

Suffix

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𐰼 (-er, -ir, -r)

  1. Forms simple present tense and aorist tense
    𐱅𐰔 (t²z /⁠tez-⁠/, to flee away) + ‎𐰼 () → ‎𐱅𐰔𐰼 (t²zr² /⁠Tezer.⁠/, They flee away.)
  2. Forms adjectives or nouns out of verbs
    𐰚𐰇𐰼 (kür² /⁠kör-⁠/, to see) + ‎𐰼 () → ‎𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰼 (kür²ür² /⁠Körür.⁠/, They see.)
Usage notes
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  1. In monosyllabic verbs, if the verb ends with l, r or n, it takes the form 𐰇𐰼 (-ür) or 𐰼 (-ir).
    𐰋𐰃𐰠 (b²il² /⁠bil-⁠/, to know) + ‎𐰇𐰼 (ür²) → ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰼 (b²il²r² /⁠Bilir.⁠/, They know.)
  2. In monosyllabic verbs, if the verb ends a vowel, it takes the form 𐰼 (-r) or 𐰘𐰇𐰼 (-yür).
    𐱅𐰃 (t²i /⁠té-⁠/, to say) + ‎𐰼 () → ‎𐱅𐰃𐰼 (t²ir² /⁠Tér.⁠/, They say.)
    𐰇 (ü /⁠ö-⁠/, to think) + ‎𐰘𐰇𐰼 (y²ür²) → ‎𐰇𐰘𐰇𐰼 (üy²ür² /⁠Öyür.⁠/, They think.)
  3. In polysyllabic verbs, if the verb ends with a consonant, it takes the form 𐰇𐰼 (-ür).
    𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣 (qzǧn¹ /⁠ḳazġan-⁠/, to win, to conquer) + ‎𐰇𐰼 (ür²) → ‎𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰆𐰺 (qzǧn¹ur¹ /⁠Ḳazġanur.⁠/, They conquer.)
  4. For the negative form 𐰢𐰔 (-mez) is used instead.
    𐰚𐰇𐰼 (kür² /⁠kör-⁠/, to see) + ‎𐰢𐰔 (mz) → ‎𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰔 (kür²mz /⁠Körmez.⁠/, They don't see.)
Alternative forms
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