-esso

See also: esso and Esso

Latin

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Identical in form to the archaic future perfects in -āssō, -āssere, etc., attested contemporary with Ennius, viz. amāssis, levāssō, impetrāssere, and iūdicāssit, respectively of amō, levō, impetrō, and iūdicō.^[1]^[2] Origin cited as not fully explained. Perhaps connected with a kind of prolepsis invoking a counterfactual use of aspect for emphasis.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈes.soː/, [ˈɛs̠ːoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes.so/, [ˈɛsːo]

Suffix

-essō (present infinitive -essere, perfect active -essīvī or -essiī or -essī, supine -essītum); third conjugation

Forms a small number of intensive verbs from verbs.
petessō (“I strive eagerly”), from the verb petō (“I aim, seek”).

facessō (“I do eagerly; I depart”), from the verb I do, make

Conjugation

Conjugation of -essō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-essō	-essis	-essit	-essimus	-essitis	-essunt
	imperfect	-essēbam	-essēbās	-essēbat	-essēbāmus	-essēbātis	-essēbant
	future	-essam	-essēs	-esset	-essēmus	-essētis	-essent
	perfect	-essīvī, -essiī, -essī	-essīvistī, -essiistī, -essistī	-essīvit, -essiit, -essit	-essīvimus, -essiimus, -essimus	-essīvistis, -essiistis, -essistis	-essīvērunt, -essīvēre, -essiērunt, -essiēre, -essērunt, -essēre
	pluperfect	-essīveram, -essieram, -esseram	-essīverās, -essierās, -esserās	-essīverat, -essierat, -esserat	-essīverāmus, -essierāmus, -esserāmus	-essīverātis, -essierātis, -esserātis	-essīverant, -essierant, -esserant
	future perfect	-essīverō, -essierō, -esserō	-essīveris, -essieris, -esseris	-essīverit, -essierit, -esserit	-essīverimus, -essierimus, -esserimus	-essīveritis, -essieritis, -esseritis	-essīverint, -essierint, -esserint
	sigmatic future¹	-ō	-is	-it	-imus	-itis	-int
passive	present	-essor	-esseris, -essere	-essitur	-essimur	-essiminī	-essuntur
	imperfect	-essēbar	-essēbāris, -essēbāre	-essēbātur	-essēbāmur	-essēbāminī	-essēbantur
	future	-essar	-essēris, -essēre	-essētur	-essēmur	-essēminī	-essentur
	perfect	-essītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-essītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-essītus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future¹	-or	-eris	-itur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-essam	-essās	-essat	-essāmus	-essātis	-essant
	imperfect	-esserem	-esserēs	-esseret	-esserēmus	-esserētis	-esserent
	perfect	-essīverim, -essierim, -esserim	-essīverīs, -essierīs, -esserīs	-essīverit, -essierit, -esserit	-essīverīmus, -essierīmus, -esserīmus	-essīverītis, -essierītis, -esserītis	-essīverint, -essierint, -esserint
	pluperfect	-essīvissem, -essiissem, -essissem	-essīvissēs, -essiissēs, -essissēs	-essīvisset, -essiisset, -essisset	-essīvissēmus, -essiissēmus, -essissēmus	-essīvissētis, -essiissētis, -essissētis	-essīvissent, -essiissent, -essissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	-im	-īs	-īt	-īmus	-ītis	-int
passive	present	-essar	-essāris, -essāre	-essātur	-essāmur	-essāminī	-essantur
	imperfect	-esserer	-esserēris, -esserēre	-esserētur	-esserēmur	-esserēminī	-esserentur
	perfect	-essītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-essītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-esse	—	—	-essite	—
active	future	—	-essitō	-essitō	—	-essitōte	-essuntō
passive	present	—	-essere	—	—	-essiminī	—
passive	future	—	-essitor	-essitor	—	—	-essuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-essere	-essīvisse, -essiisse, -essisse	-essītūrum esse	-essī	-essītum esse	-essītum īrī
participles		-essēns	—	-essītūrus	—	-essītus	-essendus, -essundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-essendī	-essendō	-essendum	-essendō	-essītum	-essītū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -esso

References

[1] ttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0001%3Asmythp%3D263

[2] ttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0001%3Asmythp%3D183

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