albus
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *alβos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰós.
Cognates include Umbrian 𐌀𐌋𐌚𐌖 (alfu), Ancient Greek ἀλφός (alphós, “whiteness, white leprosy”), Hittite 𒀠𒉺𒀸 (alpas, “cloud”), Middle Welsh elbid (“world”), English elf, and Russian ле́бедь (lébedʹ, “swan”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈal.bus/, [ˈäɫ̪bʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈal.bus/, [ˈɑlbus]
Audio (Classical) (file)
AdjectiveEdit
albus (feminine alba, neuter album, comparative albior, superlative albissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- white (properly without luster), dull white
- 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 12.402–403:
- totus pice nigrior atra, candida cauda tamen; color est quoque cruribus albus.
- All blacker than pitch was he, yet white was his tail; his legs were snowy white.
- totus pice nigrior atra, candida cauda tamen; color est quoque cruribus albus.
- p. 830, Nennius, Historia Brittonum, II: 42
- duo vermes in eo sunt, unus albus et unus rufus
- "There are," said he, "two serpents, one white and the other red […] "
- duo vermes in eo sunt, unus albus et unus rufus
- clear, bright
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 14.80:
- colores vinis quattuor: albus, fulvus, sanguineus, niger.
- There are four colors of wine: white, brown, sanguine, and black.
- colores vinis quattuor: albus, fulvus, sanguineus, niger.
- pale, fair, gray, hoary
- p. 1250, Thomas Aquinas, De ente et essentia
- […] et sic de ipsa aliquid praedicatur per accidens ratione eius, in quo est, sicut dicitur quod homo est albus, quia Socrates est albus, quamvis hoc non conveniat homini in eo quod homo.
- And thus something is accidentally asserted, that is, we say that man is white because Socrates is white, although this does not come about for men because [Socrates] is a man.
- […] et sic de ipsa aliquid praedicatur per accidens ratione eius, in quo est, sicut dicitur quod homo est albus, quia Socrates est albus, quamvis hoc non conveniat homini in eo quod homo.
- p. 1250, Thomas Aquinas, De ente et essentia
- (figuratively) favorable, fortunate, auspicious, propitious
Usage notesEdit
Latin albus is used primarily to mean "white" that is dull or matte. The word candidus is used primarily for shining whiteness. However, this distinction is not always followed.
DeclensionEdit
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | albus | alba | album | albī | albae | alba | |
Genitive | albī | albae | albī | albōrum | albārum | albōrum | |
Dative | albō | albō | albīs | ||||
Accusative | album | albam | album | albōs | albās | alba | |
Ablative | albō | albā | albō | albīs | |||
Vocative | albe | alba | album | albī | albae | alba |
SynonymsEdit
- (white): albidus, *blancus (Late Latin, Vulgar Latin), candidus, lacteolus
- (clear, bright): limpidus
- (pale, gray): cānus
- (favorable): bonus, favorābilis
AntonymsEdit
- (dull white): āter
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Aromanian: albu
- Asturian: alba
- Catalan: alb, alba
- Dalmatian: jualb
- → English: abele, alb, albino
- French: albane
- → English: alban
- Friulian: albe
- Istriot: alba
- Istro-Romanian: åb
- Italian: albo, alba
- Megleno-Romanian: alb
- Neapolitan: arba
- Occitan: alba, auba
- Old French: albe, abel
- French: aube
- Old Spanish: albo, obo
- Portuguese: alvo, alva
- Romanian: alb, albă, alba
- Romansch: alv, alva
- Sardinian: abru, alvu, arvu, arbu
- Sicilian: alba, arba, abba
- Spanish: albo, alba
See alsoEdit
Colors in Latin · colōrēs (layout · text) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
candidus, albus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus | rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cineraceus, plumbeus, grīseus | āter, niger, piceus | ||
pūniceus, murrinus, rūfus, ruber, russus, rubrīcus, mulleus; cocceus, coccīnus, badius | rutilus, armeniacus, auranteus, aurantiacus; fuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx | gilvus, helvus, fulvus, flāvus, croceus, pallidus, lūteus, blondinus | ||
galbus, galbinus, lūridus | viridis | prasinus | ||
cyaneus | caeruleus, azurīnus, blavus | glaucus; līvidus; venetus | ||
violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus | ostrīnus, amethystīnus | purpureus, ātropurpūreus, roseus, rosāceus |
ReferencesEdit
- albus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- albus in Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891
- albus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- albus in Gaffiot, Félix, Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, 1934
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden, Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co., 1894
- (ambiguous) to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi): in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52)
- (ambiguous) to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi): in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52)
- albus in Ramminger, Johann, Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016, retrieved 16 July 2016