-od

See also: Appendix:Variations of "od"

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [od]
• Rhymes: -od

Etymology 1

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (possessive suffix).

Suffix

-od

2. (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)

   ‎kor (“age”) + ‎-od → ‎korod (“your age”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Etymology 2

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (personal suffix).

Suffix

-od

2. (personal suffix) Forms the definite second-person singular indicative present of verbs.

   ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-od → ‎olvasod (“you read something, you are reading something”)

Usage notes

• (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.

    Present tense definite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-od	-ed	-öd
ő maga ön	3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular	-ja	-i
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-itek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural	-ják	-ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Etymology 3

Suffix

-od

2. (fraction-forming suffix) Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction. Variants: -d, -ad, -ed, -öd.

   ‎hat (“six”) + ‎-od → ‎hatod (“[one] sixth”)

Derived terms

Hungarian fractional numbers suffixed with -od

hatod

milliomod

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

Old English

Alternative forms

• -ad, -ud

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /od/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz (class 2 weak past participle).

Suffix

-od

1. Used to form the past participle of class II weak verbs

   ‎lufian (“to love”) + ‎-od → ‎lufod (“loved”)

Declension

Declension of -od — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-od	-odu, -odo	-od
Accusative	-odne	-ode	-od
Genitive	-odes	-odre	-odes
Dative	-odum	-odre	-odum
Instrumental	-ode	-odre	-ode
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ode	-oda, -ode	-odu, -odo
Accusative	-ode	-oda, -ode	-odu, -odo
Genitive	-odra	-odra	-odra
Dative	-odum	-odum	-odum
Instrumental	-odum	-odum	-odum

Declension of -od — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-oda	-ode	-ode
Accusative	-odan	-odan	-ode
Genitive	-odan	-odan	-odan
Dative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Instrumental	-odan	-odan	-odan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Accusative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Genitive	-odra, -odena	-odra, -odena	-odra, -odena
Dative	-odum	-odum	-odum
Instrumental	-odum	-odum	-odum

See also

Conjugation of -ian (weak class 2)

infinitive	-ian	-ienne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	-iġe	-ode
second person singular	-ast	-odest
third person singular	-aþ	-ode
plural	-iaþ	-odon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	-iġe	-ode
plural	-iġen	-oden
imperative
singular	-a
plural	-iaþ
participle	present	past
	-iende	-od

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz (adjective suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos.

Suffix

-od

1. Forms adjectives from nouns, indicating the possession of a thing or a quality.

Usage notes

• Because of their identical appearance, some class 2 weak verb past participles were used as adjectives as well

  ‎ġeānian (“to unite”) + ‎-od → ‎ġeānod (“united”)

Declension

Declension of -od — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-od	-odu, -odo	-od
Accusative	-odne	-ode	-od
Genitive	-odes	-odre	-odes
Dative	-odum	-odre	-odum
Instrumental	-ode	-odre	-ode
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ode	-oda, -ode	-odu, -odo
Accusative	-ode	-oda, -ode	-odu, -odo
Genitive	-odra	-odra	-odra
Dative	-odum	-odum	-odum
Instrumental	-odum	-odum	-odum

Declension of -od — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-oda	-ode	-ode
Accusative	-odan	-odan	-ode
Genitive	-odan	-odan	-odan
Dative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Instrumental	-odan	-odan	-odan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Accusative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Genitive	-odra, -odena	-odra, -odena	-odra, -odena
Dative	-odum	-odum	-odum
Instrumental	-odum	-odum	-odum

Volapük

Suffix

-od

1. Used to indicate a softer or less serious example

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -od

ferod

gitod

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔd/

Etymology 1

Suffix

-od

1. forming plural nouns, -s

   Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -oedd, -on, -ydd, -yr, -ys

   ‎buwch (“cow”) + ‎-od → ‎buchod (“cows”)

   ‎cath (“cat”) + ‎-od → ‎cathod (“cats”)

   ‎eliffant (“elephant”) + ‎-od → ‎eliffantod (“elephants”)

   ‎menyw (“woman”) + ‎-od → ‎menywod (“women”)

   ‎Gwyddel (“Irish man”) + ‎-od → ‎Gwyddelod (“Irish people”)

Usage notes

This suffix is used in forming the plural of many animals.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-od

1. blow, stroke

   ‎dwrn (“fist”) + ‎-od → ‎dyrnod (“punch, thump”)

   ‎cleddyf (“sword”) + ‎-od → ‎cleddyfod (“sword stroke, gash”)

   ‎ffon (“stick”) + ‎-od → ‎ffonnod (“stroke with a stick, stripe”)

Usage notes

Unusually, this suffix has no fixed gender but instead takes on the gender of the root word it modifies.

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• -awd

Suffix

-od m

1. noun having the characteristics of

   ‎rhyfedd (“strange, wondrous”) + ‎-od → ‎rhyfeddod (“wonder”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -od

aneirod

arfod

asynnod

babanod

babwnod

benywod

brochod

buchod

bychod

cathod

ceiliogod

cleddyfod

cnofilod

crancod

crehyrod

crocodeilod

chwilod

draenogod

dyrnod

genethod

golfanod

gwaddod

gwahaddod

gwialennod

gwiwerod

Gwyddelod

llydnod

madfallod

madfallod dŵr

menywod

mursennod

mwncïod

nythod

pasteiod

peunod

pincod

rhegennod

rhosod

rhyfeddod

stwrsiynod

swigod

tanagrod

teigrod

titwod

titŵod

twrcïod

tylluanod