Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sih₂

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Derived from *só (masculine demonstrative pronoun) + *-ih₂;^[1] *sih₂ then displaced the original female version *séh₂ at least in pre-Celtic.

Pronoun

*sih₂^[2]^[3]

she

Derived terms

*sih₂m̥ (accusative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *siHm
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *siHm
    - Sanskrit: सीम् (sīm)
  - Proto-Iranian: *hiHm
    - Avestan: 𐬵𐬍𐬨 (hīm)

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *sī
- Proto-Brythonic: *hi
  - Breton: hi
  - Cornish: hi
  - Welsh: hi
- Old Irish: sí
  - Irish: sí
Proto-Germanic: *sī
- Old Saxon: sia, sie
  - Middle Low German: sê, su, sia
    - Low German: sie
      - Dutch Low Saxon: zee
      - German Low German: se
    - Plautdietsch: see
- Old Dutch: siu, sia
  - Middle Dutch: si, sie, soe, so
    - Dutch: zij
      - Afrikaans: sy
    - Limburgish: zie
- Old High German: siu, si
  - Middle High German: si, sie
    - Alemannic German: si
    - Cimbrian: zi, si (Luserna), ze
    - German: sie
    - Hunsrik: sie
    - Luxembourgish: si
    - Yiddish: זי (zi)
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌹 (si)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἵ (hí)^[4]
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬍 (hī)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “sī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 335: “*s- + -ih₂”
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 741
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 750-751
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 571

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “sī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 335: “*s- + -ih₂”

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 741

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 750-751

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 571

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