zi
Albanian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFirst attested in the 17th century in this form, already 16th in its now obsolete feminine form e zeshkë (“black”). The plural të zinj is recent, built on analogy of other masculine nouns ending in stressed /-ˈi/, and supplanted the earlier të zez. The irregular paradigm may reflect e zezë f sg < *gʷed(ʰ)yā, të zez m pl < *gʷed(ʰ)yoi, zi f (“mourning”, noun) < *gʷed(ʰ)íyā.
Has been compared to Proto-West Germanic *kwād (“filth; evil”), Lithuanian gė́da (“shame”), Proto-Slavic *gàdъ (“reptile”). Also see Lithuanian gẽdulas, geda (“mourning”). Traditionally also linked to Lithuanian ži̇̀las (“grey”). Comparison with Lithuanian júodas (“black”) is difficult to reconcile phonetically.
Alternative forms
editAdjective
editi zi (feminine e zezë, masculine plural të zinj, feminine plural të zeza)
- black (of colour)
- Antonym: i bardhë
- dark, as opposed to a lighter colour
- bukë e zezë ― black bread
- dirty (of water); built for dirty water
- ujëra të zeza ― dirty water
- kanale të zeza ― dirty water canals
- unfortunate, wretched; desolate, gloomy
- evil, bad
- Synonym: i keq
- zemër e zezë ― black heart
Noun
editi zi m (plural të zinj, definite i ziu, definite plural të zinjtë)
- black person
- Synonym: (derogative) zezak
- unfortunate, wretched, desolate person
- (chess) black (player with the black chess pieces)
Noun
edittë zi n (definite të zitë) (uncountable)
- black (colour), blackness
- Synonym: e zezë
- mourning (sorrow; clothes)
- gloom, gloominess
- Synonym: zymtësi
- great trouble, suffering
- Used to reinforce interrogative and exclamative sentences.
- Synonym: të shkretën
Adverb
editzi
Derived terms
edit- babazi
- ballukezi
- brekëzi
- brekushezi
- bukëzi
- burrëzi
- buzëzi
- cërkazi
- cullufezi
- ditëzi
- famëzi
- faqezi
- farëzi
- fatzi
- fillzi
- flokëzi
- gëzimzi
- gullmëzi
- gunëzi
- gjëmëzi
- haberzi
- halëzi
- hallezi
- jelezi
- jetëzi
- këmishëzi
- kobzi
- kryezi
- kthetrazi
- leshrazi
- leshzi
- lëkurëzi
- lëvorezi
- lumëzi
- mendjezi
- mjekërzi
- mundzi
- ndjellazi
- nurzi
- orëzi
- perçezi
- poturezi
- punëzi
- qimezi
- resëzi
- rrezikzi
- smirëzi
- syzi
- shkronjëzi
- shpirtzi
- turizi
- thekëzi
- udhëzi
- vëllazi
- vulëzi
- zhapëzi
References
edit- “zi,~të (të)”, “zi”, “zi (i)”, “zi,~u (i)”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language][1], 1980, page 2241ab
- Mann, S. E. (1948) “zi”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 581b
- Tagliavini, Carlo (1937) “zi”, in L'albanese di Dalmazia. […] (in Italian), Florence: Leo S. Olschki, page 293
- Leotti, Angelo (1916) “zī”, in L'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli, page 190
- Weigand, Gustav (1914) “zī”, in Albanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, page 105a
- Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “ζῑ-α”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens, page 121
- Jungg, G. (1895) “ɛii, ɛeɛ”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 151a
- Meyer, G. (1891) “zī”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, , page 484
- Rossi, F. (1875) “ɛii”, in Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 1389ab
- Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 63: “niger — iɛij”
- Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “zi (i)”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 427
- Çabej, E. (2006) “zī”, in Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes (in Albanian), volumes VII: S–Zh, Tirana, page 297f.
- Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021) “zi (i)”, in DPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]
- Huld, Martin E. (1984) “i zi, e zezë”, in Basic Albanian Etymologies, Columbus: Slavica Publishers, →ISBN, page 134f.
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zi”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 524
Etymology 2
editFirst attested in the 16th century. Early nominalisation of the adjective above, see there for more.
Noun
editzi f (definite zia) (uncountable)
- mourning (sorrow for someone's death)
- bëj zi për ― to mourn
- 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari, page 47v, lines 88–89:
- e chξeh {v}ine tane, endeh ћaɛe-//mend
- [e kthe zinë tanë ëndë gazëmend]
- and turn our mourning into joy
- mourning (clothes)
- great misfortune
- famine, dearth, esp. scarcity of bread
- zi buke ― bread famine
- great greed for something, esp. food
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- “zi,~a”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language][3], 1980, page 2240f.
- Mann, S. E. (1948) “zí”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 581b
- Leotti, Angelo (1916) “zī”, in L'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli, page 190
- Weigand, Gustav (1914) “zī”, in Albanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, page 105a
- Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “ζῑ-α”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens, page 121
- Jungg, G. (1895) “ɛii, a”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 151a
- Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021) “zí -a”, in DPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]
Basque
edit
Pronunciation
edit
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: zi
Etymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Basque *zinV.
Noun
editzi inan
Declension
editindefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | zi | zia | ziak |
ergative | zik | ziak | ziek |
dative | ziri | ziari | ziei |
genitive | ziren | ziaren | zien |
comitative | zirekin | ziarekin | ziekin |
causative | zirengatik | ziarengatik | ziengatik |
benefactive | zirentzat | ziarentzat | zientzat |
instrumental | ziz | ziaz | ziez |
inessive | zitan | zian | zietan |
locative | zitako | ziko | zietako |
allative | zitara | zira | zietara |
terminative | zitaraino | ziraino | zietaraino |
directive | zitarantz | zirantz | zietarantz |
destinative | zitarako | zirako | zietarako |
ablative | zitatik | zitik | zietatik |
partitive | zirik | — | — |
prolative | zitzat | — | — |
Etymology 2
editNoun
editzi inan
Further reading
edit- “zi”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- “zi”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Cimbrian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij, Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si).
Pronoun
editzi
- (Sette Comuni) she, her
Inflection
editnominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular |
familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular |
m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
References
edit- “zi” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Ewe
editNoun
editzi
Haeke
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.
Noun
editzi
References
edit- Jim Hollyman,K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, page 52, 1999
Hausa
editPronunciation
editNoun
editzî m (possessed form zîn)
Japanese
editRomanization
editzi
Kwama
editNoun
editzi
References
edit- Goldberg, Justin, Asadik, Habte, Bekama, Jiregna, Mengistu, Mulat (2016) Gwama – English Dictionary[4], SIL International
Mandarin
editRomanization
edit- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 子
zi
- Nonstandard spelling of zī.
- Nonstandard spelling of zí.
- Nonstandard spelling of zǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of zì.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle Dutch
editVerb
editzi
- Alternative spelling of si; first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wēsen
Romanian
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Classical Latin diēs (“day”), back-formed from the accusative diem (whose vowel e was once long), from Proto-Italic *djēm, the accusative of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“heaven, sky”). May have been inherited from an intermediate Vulgar Latin *dilla , hence why the definite form ziua, but due to -ua dropping in indefinite forms, the indefinite form became zi. Compare Spanish día, archaic Italian dì, archaic French di.
Noun
editzi f (plural zile)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | zi | ziua | zile | zilele | |
genitive-dative | zile | zilei | zile | zilelor | |
vocative | ziuo | zilelor |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Latin dīc, the 2nd person singular imperative of Latin dīco, with the final -c being dropped as part of a loss of all final consonants in Proto-Romanian. Compare Italian dì, which also went through the same sound shift.
Verb
editzi
Sassarese
editAlternative forms
edit- z' (apocopic, before a vowel)
Etymology
editAkin to Italian ci, see there for more.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editzi
- (accusative) us
- Babbu zi portha a Sàssari
- Dad is taking us to Sassari
- c. 19th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese[5], volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 24, page 107:
- Alburea, Alburea
E li so’ suldaddi
z’hani libaraddi- Arborea, Arborea and its soldiers have freed us
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Spring]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 13:
- l’antigga primabéra, più cruderi
di tutti l’isthasgioni
acchì zi torra a vidda e poi z’ammazza.- Ancient Spring, [the] cruelest of all seasons, for it takes us back to life, and then kills us.
- (dative) to us
- Li dozzi no zi piàzini.
- We don't like sweets.
- (literally, “The sweets are not pleasant to us.”)
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Siparazioni [Separation]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 65:
- […] E lu chi zi paria
incridìbiri, aiallu! […]- And that which to us had seemed unbelievable, there it is!
Adverb
editzi
- Synonym of vi (“here, there”)
- c. 19th century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese[6], volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 35, page 124:
- Lu soli di Sant’Anna
Veni a lu me’ balconi,
Viniddinni lu me’ fiori
Abali chi no z’è mamma.- St. Anne's sun comes to my balcony; come to my flower, now that mom isn't here.
References
edit- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Sumerian
editRomanization
editzi
- Romanization of 𒍣 (zi)
Tagalog
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from English zee, the English name of the letter Z/z.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /zi/ [zɪ]
- Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: zi
Noun
editzi (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter Z/z, in the Filipino alphabet
- Synonym: (in the Abecedario) zeta
See also
edit- (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi
Further reading
edit- “zi”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tarifit
editPreposition
editzi (Tifinagh spelling ⵣⵉ)
- movement marker
- expresses movement from a point of origin: from
- yus-d zi Fas
- He came from Fez.
- expresses movement from a point of origin: from
Usage notes
editWhen the preposition zi is followed by a vowel it will take the form zeg.
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Albanian/i
- Rhymes:Albanian/i/1 syllable
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian adjectives
- Albanian terms with collocations
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- sq:Chess
- Albanian neuter nouns
- Albanian uncountable nouns
- Albanian adverbs
- Albanian feminine nouns
- Albanian terms with quotations
- sq:Colors
- sq:Death
- Basque terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Basque/i
- Rhymes:Basque/i/1 syllable
- Basque terms inherited from Proto-Basque
- Basque terms derived from Proto-Basque
- Basque lemmas
- Basque nouns
- Basque inanimate nouns
- Northern Basque
- Biscayan Basque
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian pronouns
- Cimbrian personal pronouns
- Sette Comuni Cimbrian
- Ewe lemmas
- Ewe nouns
- ee:Mammals
- Haeke terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Haeke terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Haeke terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Haeke terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Haeke terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Haeke terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Haeke lemmas
- Haeke nouns
- aek:Lice
- aek:Parasites
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa nouns
- Hausa masculine nouns
- ha:Card games
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Japanese dated terms
- Kwama lemmas
- Kwama nouns
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Middle Dutch non-lemma forms
- Middle Dutch verb forms
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio pronunciation
- Romanian terms derived from Classical Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Classical Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dyew-
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian feminine nouns
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian verb forms
- ro:Time
- ro:Times of day
- Sassarese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sassarese lemmas
- Sassarese pronouns
- Sassarese personal pronouns
- Sassarese terms with usage examples
- Sassarese terms with quotations
- Sassarese adverbs
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms spelled with Z
- tl:Latin letter names
- Tarifit lemmas
- Tarifit prepositions
- Tarifit terms with usage examples