sí
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Particle edit
sí
- yes (word used to indicate agreement or acceptance)
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
sí
Adverb edit
sí
- the opposite of 'not'
- Synonym: hoc
- No parles català? – Sí parlo català!
- Do you not speak Catalan? – I do speak Catalan!
Usage notes edit
- Sí is used to add positive emphasis to the verb, much like the auxiliary do in affirmative sentences in English. It generally contrasts with a previous no, and is placed in the same location within the sentence. This is a usage the word shares with Spanish.
Antonyms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “sí” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “sí”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “sí” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Fala edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese si (“yes”), from Latin sīc (“thus, so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).
Adverb edit
sí
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye.
Pronoun edit
sí
- Reflexive prepositional pronoun; oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References edit
Faroese edit
Verb edit
sí
- imperative of síggja: behold
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 死 (“to die; inactive; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 死). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 始 (“beginning; start; to begin; to start; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 始). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 豕 (“pig; boar”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 豕). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 矢 (“arrow; to vow; to swear; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 矢). |
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from German Schi (“ski”), originally from Norwegian ski (“ski”).
Noun edit
sí (plural sík)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sí | sík |
accusative | sít | síket |
dative | sínek | síknek |
instrumental | sível | síkkel |
causal-final | síért | síkért |
translative | sívé | síkké |
terminative | síig | síkig |
essive-formal | síként | síkként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | síben | síkben |
superessive | sín | síken |
adessive | sínél | síknél |
illative | síbe | síkbe |
sublative | síre | síkre |
allative | síhez | síkhez |
elative | síből | síkből |
delative | síről | síkről |
ablative | sítől | síktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
síé | síké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
síéi | síkéi |
Possessive forms of sí | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | sím | síjeim |
2nd person sing. | síd | síjeid |
3rd person sing. | síje | síjei |
1st person plural | sínk | síjeink |
2nd person plural | sítek | síjeitek |
3rd person plural | síjük | síjeik |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
An onomatopoeia (sound imitation).
Verb edit
sí
Conjugation edit
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | sívok | sísz | sí | sívunk | sítok | sínak | |
Def. | sívom | sívod | síja | síjuk | síjátok | síják | |||
2nd-p. o. | sílak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | síttam | síttál | sítt | síttunk | síttatok | síttak | ||
Def. | síttam | síttad | sítta | síttuk | síttátok | sítták | |||
2nd-p. o. | síttalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. síni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | sívék | sívál | síva | sívánk | sívátok | sívának | ||
Def. | sívám | sívád | sívá | sívánk | sívátok | sívák | |||
2nd-p. o. | síválak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sí vala, sítt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | sívandok | sívandasz | sívand | sívandunk | sívandotok | sívandanak | ||
Def. | sívandom | sívandod | sívandja | sívandjuk | sívandjátok | sívandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | sívandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | sínék | sínál | sína | sínánk | sínátok | sínának | |
Def. | sínám | sínád | síná | sínánk (or sínók) |
sínátok | sínák | |||
2nd-p. o. | sínálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. sítt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | síjak | síj or síjál |
síjon | síjunk | síjatok | síjanak | |
Def. | síjam | sídd or síjad |
síja | síjuk | síjátok | síják | |||
2nd-p. o. | síjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. sítt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | síni | sínom | sínod | sínia | sínunk | sínotok | síniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
sívás | sívó | sítt | sívandó | síva (síván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | síhatok | síhatsz | síhat | síhatunk | síhattok | síhatnak | |
Def. | síhatom | síhatod | síhatja | síhatjuk | síhatjátok | síhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | síhattam | síhattál | síhatott | síhattunk | síhattatok | síhattak | ||
Def. | síhattam | síhattad | síhatta | síhattuk | síhattátok | síhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | síhaték | síhatál | síhata | síhatánk | síhatátok | síhatának | ||
Def. | síhatám | síhatád | síhatá | síhatánk | síhatátok | síhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. síhat vala, síhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | síhatandok or sívandhatok | síhatandasz or sívandhatsz | síhatand or sívandhat | síhatandunk or sívandhatunk | síhatandotok or sívandhattok | síhatandanak or sívandhatnak | ||
Def. | síhatandom or sívandhatom | síhatandod or sívandhatod | síhatandja or sívandhatja | síhatandjuk or sívandhatjuk | síhatandjátok or sívandhatjátok | síhatandják or sívandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatandalak or sívandhatlak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | síhatnék | síhatnál | síhatna | síhatnánk | síhatnátok | síhatnának | |
Def. | síhatnám | síhatnád | síhatná | síhatnánk (or síhatnók) |
síhatnátok | síhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. síhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | síhassak | síhass or síhassál |
síhasson | síhassunk | síhassatok | síhassanak | |
Def. | síhassam | síhasd or síhassad |
síhassa | síhassuk | síhassátok | síhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. síhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (síhatni) | (síhatnom) | (síhatnod) | (síhatnia) | (síhatnunk) | (síhatnotok) | (síhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | síható | Neg. adj. | síhatatlan | Adv. part. | (síhatva / síhatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ sí in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (’A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
Further reading edit
- (ski): sí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to howl, cry): sí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
sí
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- sí og æ (“always, permanently, continually”)
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Irish side, from Old Irish síd, from Proto-Celtic *sīdos (“mound (inhabited by fairies); peace”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēds, from *sed- (“to sit”). Doublet of síth.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
sí m (genitive singular sí, nominative plural síthe)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- aos sí (“fairies”)
- bean sí (“banshee, fairy woman”)
- ceol sí (“fairy music; enchanting music”)
- dumha sí (“fairy mound”)
- leannán sí (“phantom lover”)
- long sí (“phantom ship”)
- sián (“fairy mound”)
- síbhean (“fairy woman”)
- síbhruíon (“fairy palace”)
- síofrach (“elfin, fairy-like”)
- síofróg (“elf-woman, fairy”)
- síofróireacht (“fairy lore”)
- sióg (“fairy”)
- síothshluagh (“fairy host, fairy army”)
- síscéal (“fairy-tale”)
- síúil (“fairy-like, elfin; weird”)
- slua sí (“fairy host”)
- solas sí (“misguiding light”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish sí, from Proto-Celtic *sī, from Proto-Indo-European *sih₂.
Pronoun edit
sí (emphatic form sise, conjunctive)
See also edit
Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
sí | shí after an, tsí |
not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 65
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 síd, síth (‘fairy mound’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Lakota edit
Noun edit
sí
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi), from a blend of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”) + *íh₂.
Pronoun edit
sí
- she
- Sí fri gábud condon·fóir.
- May she protect us against danger.
- it (referring to a feminine noun)
- Is sí thol Dée.
- It is God's will.
Related terms edit
- sissi (emphatic)
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
See síi.
Pronoun edit
sí
- Alternative spelling of síi
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin sīc (est).
Particle edit
sí
- yes (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
- (Spain) hello (used to answer the telephone)
Usage notes edit
- As an affirmation, this term has in Spanish a usage that is not usually explicitly translated into English, since it could sound like a pleonasm, being that "positively", "affirmatively", and always related to a negation (explicit or not):
- Él sí puede, yo no
- He (positively) can, I cannot.
- Esto sí es una fiesta.
- This sure is a party. / This is what I call a party.
- No sabemos si es sostenible, pero lo que sí sabemos es que funciona muy bien.
- We don't know if it's sustainable, but what we do know is that it works very well.
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, and Portuguese si.
Pronoun edit
sí
- himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves (form of se used after prepositions)
- para sí ― for himself/herself/itself/themselves/yourself/yourselves
Derived terms edit
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “sí”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014