Wiktionary

User:Sartma/Hybrid Hebrew transliteration 2.0

< User:Sartma

Hybrid Hebrew transliteration edit

A new transliteration proposal for Biblical Hebrew. The following conversion table gives a one-to-one transliteration guide for Biblical Hebrew vowels. The combination of the 7 vowel system plus the use of macrons makes it possible to always know what mater lectionis corresponds to the transliterated value, correcting the inconsistencies of the "circumflex transliteration system" (מָה\מֶה\מַה mâ/meh/mah vs mɔ/mɛ/ma, "ê" used to transliterate both אֵה and אֵי, etc.).

Vowels edit

  • Basic system: 7 vowel system (a, ɔ, i, e, ɛ, o, u)
  • Vowel + ה = simple vowel (mater lectionis heʾ is always used at the end of a word: this means that heʾ can always be postulated for a transliterated word ending in a simple vowel)
  • Vowel + mater lectionis (except ה) = macron
בַ = ba
בָ = bɔ | (בָי = bɔ̄) | בָה = bɔ
בִ = bi | בִי = bī
בֵ = be | בֵי = bē   | בֵה = be
בֶ = bɛ | בֶי = bɛ̄   | בֶה = bɛ
בֹ = bo | בוֹ = bō   | בֹה = bo
בֻ = bu | בוּ = bū

Shwa' edit

Consonants edit

  • א (aleph) always transliterated as ʾ.
  • ק = q (better than ḳ because it has no diacritics + traditional in transliterations of other Semitic languages)

Usage examples edit

Vocabulary comparison edit

Vocabulary comparison
Lemma Traditional Module:he-translit Sartma Hybrid Sartma Hybrid 2.0
בַּיִת báyiṯ báyiṯ báyiṯ báyiṯ
בֵּית bêṯ bēṯ bēṯ bēṯ
בָּתִּים bāttî́m bāttīm bɔttīm bɔttī́m
כֹּהֵן kōhēn kōhēn kohen kohén
מֶ֫לֶךְ méleḵ meleḵ mɛ́lɛḵ mɛ́lɛḵ
מַמְלָכָה mamlāḵâ mamlāḵā mamlɔḵɔ̂ mamlɔḵɔ́
שָׂדֶה śāḏê śāḏe śɔḏɛ̂ śɔḏɛ́
שְׂדֵה śəḏê śəḏē śəḏê śəḏé
דָּגֵשׁ dāḡḗš dāḡēš dɔḡeš dɔḡéš

List for transliteration comparison edit

Simple vowels edit
  1. Qɔ́mɛṣ
  2. Páṯaḥ
  3. Ṣerḗ
  4. Səḡōl
  5. Ḥī́rɛq
  6. Ḥólɛm
  7. Qibbū́ṣ
Matres lectionis edit
  1. Ḥī́rɛq mɔléʾ
  2. Ṣerḗ mɔléʾ
  3. Šū́rɛq
  4. Ḥólɛm mɔléʾ
  5. Qɔ́mɛṣ heʾ
  6. Páṯaḥ heʾ
  7. Səḡōl heʾ
  8. Ṣerḗ heʾ
  9. Ḥólɛm heʾ
  10. Consistency test
Shwas edit
  1. Šəwɔ́ʾ
  2. Ḥɔṭép̄ páṯaḥ
  3. Ḥɔṭép̄ səḡōl
  4. Ḥɔṭép̄ qɔ́mɛṣ
Páṯaḥ furtivum edit
Segoletes edit
Ability to distinguish spelling edit
  1. Plene spelling
  2. Mappiq vs vowel + heʾ
  3. Distinctive spelling of syllable final ṣerḗ vs səḡōl
  4. Distinctive spelling of syllable final ḥólɛm

Examples edit

Word Traditional Superscript Sartma 1 Sartma 2
simple with accent
בָּרָא bārā́ʾ bɔrɔˀ bɔrɔʾ bɔrɔ́ʾ
אַרְגָּמָן ʾargāmā́n ʔargɔmɔn ʾargɔmɔn ʾargɔmɔ́n
תַּ֫חַת táḥaṯ táḥaṯ
עַ֫יִן ʿáyin ʕáyin ʿáyin
כֹּהֵן kōhḗn kohen kohén
אֵל ʾēl ʔel ʾel
אֶל ʾel ʔɛl ʾɛl
נֶ֫פֶשׁ nép̄eš nɛ́p̄ɛš
אִם ʾim ʔim ʾim
יִשְׂרָאֵל yiśrāʾēl yiśrɔʔel yiśrɔʾel yiśrɔʾél
קֹ֫דֶשׁ qṓḏeš qóḏɛš
רֹב rōḇ roḇ
נְאֻם nəʾúm nəʔum nəʾum nəʾúm
שֻׁלְחָן šulḥān šulḥɔn šulḥɔ́n
אָנֹכִי ʾānōḵî́ ʔɔnoḵiʸ ʾɔnoḵī ʾɔnoḵī́
אֲנָשִׁים ʾănāšî́m ʔănɔšiʸm ʾănɔšīm ʾănɔšī́m
בֵּין bên beʸn bēn
תֵּימָן têmā́n teʸmɔn tēmɔn tēmɔ́n
יְהוּדִי yəhûḏî́ yəhuʷḏiʸ yəhūḏī yəhūḏī́
שְׁמוּאֵל šəmûʾḗl šəmuʷʔel šəmūʾel šəmūʾél
גָּדוֹל gāḏốl gɔḏoʷl gɔḏōl gɔḏṓl
שָׁלוֹם šālốm šɔloʷm šɔlōm šɔlṓm
מַצֵּבָה maṣṣēḇấ maṣṣeḇɔʰ maṣṣeḇɔ̂ maṣṣeḇɔ maṣṣeḇɔ́
מֶרְכָּבָה merkāḇâ mɛrkɔḇɔʰ mɛrkɔḇɔ̂ mɛrkɔḇɔ mɛrkɔḇɔ́
מַה mah maʰ mâ ma
יָפֶה yāp̄éh yɔp̄ɛʰ yɔp̄ɛ̂ yɔp̄ɛ yɔp̄ɛ́
מֹשֶׁה mōšéh mošɛʰ mošɛ̂ mošɛ mošɛ́
אַרְיֵה ʾaryḗh ʔaryeʰ ʾaryê ʾarye ʾaryé
אַיֵּה ʾayyḗh ʔayyeʰ ʾayyê ʾayye ʾayyé
כֹּה kōh koʰ kô ko
פֹּה pōh poʰ pô po
מָה mâ mɔʰ mɔ̂ mɔ
מֶה meh mɛʰ mɛ̂ mɛ
מַה mah maʰ mâ ma
כְּנַ֫עַן kənáʿan knáʕan kənáʿan
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת nəḥṓšeṯ nəḥóšɛṯ
מַחֲשָׁבָה maḥăšāḇấ maḥăšɔḇɔʰ maḥăšɔḇɔ̂ maḥăšɔḇɔ maḥăšɔḇɔ́
יַעֲקֹב yaʿăqṓḇ yaʕăqoḇ yaʿăqoḇ yaʿăqóḇ
אֱדוֹם ʾĕḏốm ʔĕḏoʷm ʾɛ̆ḏōm ʾɛ̆ḏṓm
אֱלֹהִים ʾĕlōhî́m ʔĕlohiʸm ʾɛ̆lohīm ʾɛ̆lohī́m
מָרְדֳּכַי mordŏḵái mɔrdɔ̆ḵay mɔrdɔ̆ḵáy
עֳנִי ʿŏnî́ ʕŏniʸ ʿɔ̆nī ʿɔ̆nī́
כֹּחַ kṓᵃḥ kóaḥ
רֵיחַ rếᵃḥ reʸaḥ rḗaḥ
יֵשׁוּעַ yēšû́ᵃʿ yešuʷaʕ yešū́aʿ
רֶ֫גֶל réḡel rɛ́ḡɛl
חֹ֫רֶשׁ ḥṓreš ḥórɛš
אֵ֫פֶר ʾḗp̄er ʔép̄ɛr ʾép̄ɛr
כֹּל kōl kol
כּוֹל kôl koʷl kōl
נֹ֫גַהּ nṓḡah nóḡah
עָלֶה ʿāléh ʕɔlɛʰ ʿɔlɛ̂ ʿɔlɛ ʿɔlɛ́
מַרְפֵּא marpḗʾ marpeˀ marpeʾ marpéʾ
אֵי ʾê ʔeʸ ʾē
אֹפֵּה ʾōppḗh ʔoppeʰ ʾoppê ʾoppe ʾoppé
מְנַשֶּׁה mənaššéh mənaššɛʰ mənaššɛ̂ mənaššɛ mənaššɛ́
פֹּה pōh poʰ pô po
פּוֹ pô poʷ pō
פֹּא pōʾ poˀ poʾ
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