aplanar

Catalan

Etymology

From a- +‎ pla +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.pləˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.plaˈnaɾ]

Verb

aplanar (first-person singular present aplano, first-person singular preterite aplaní, past participle aplanat)

1. (transitive) to flatten, to level

Conjugation

    Conjugation of aplanar (first conjugation)

infinitive			aplanar
gerund			aplanant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		aplanat		aplanada
		plural		aplanats		aplanades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	aplano	aplanes	aplana	aplanem	aplaneu	aplanen
	imperfect	aplanava	aplanaves	aplanava	aplanàvem	aplanàveu	aplanaven
	future	aplanaré	aplanaràs	aplanarà	aplanarem	aplanareu	aplanaran
	preterite	aplaní	aplanares	aplanà	aplanàrem	aplanàreu	aplanaren
	conditional	aplanaria	aplanaries	aplanaria	aplanaríem	aplanaríeu	aplanarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	aplani	aplanis	aplani	aplanem	aplaneu	aplanin
	imperfect	aplanés	aplanessis	aplanés	aplanéssim	aplanéssiu	aplanessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	aplana	aplani	aplanem	aplaneu	aplanin
	negative (no)	—	no aplanis	no aplani	no aplanem	no aplaneu	no aplanin

Derived terms

• aplanador
• aplanatge
• aplanavius

 

Further reading

• “aplanar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin applānāre (“to flatten”), from Latin plānus. Doublet of achanar.

Alternatively, from a- +‎ plano +‎ -ar. Compare with Spanish aplanar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.plaˈna(ʁ)/ [a.plaˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.plaˈna(ʁ)/ [a.plaˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.plaˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.plaˈna(ʁ)/ [a.plaˈna(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.plaˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.plɐˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.plɐˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.plɐˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: a‧pla‧nar

Verb

aplanar (first-person singular present aplano, first-person singular preterite aplanei, past participle aplanado)

1. to flatten
2. to level

Conjugation

    Conjugation of aplanar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	aplanar
Personal	aplanar	aplanares	aplanar	aplanarmos	aplanardes	aplanarem
Gerund
	aplanando
Past participle
Masculine	aplanado			aplanados
Feminine	aplanada			aplanadas
Indicative
Present	aplano	aplanas	aplana	aplanamos	aplanais	aplanam
Imperfect	aplanava	aplanavas	aplanava	aplanávamos	aplanáveis	aplanavam
Preterite	aplanei	aplanaste	aplanou	aplanamos1, aplanámos2	aplanastes	aplanaram
Pluperfect	aplanara	aplanaras	aplanara	aplanáramos	aplanáreis	aplanaram
Future	aplanarei	aplanarás	aplanará	aplanaremos	aplanareis	aplanarão
Conditional	aplanaria	aplanarias	aplanaria	aplanaríamos	aplanaríeis	aplanariam
Subjunctive
Present	aplane	aplanes	aplane	aplanemos	aplaneis	aplanem
Imperfect	aplanasse	aplanasses	aplanasse	aplanássemos	aplanásseis	aplanassem
Future	aplanar	aplanares	aplanar	aplanarmos	aplanardes	aplanarem
Imperative
Affirmative		aplana	aplane	aplanemos	aplanai	aplanem
Negative (não)		não aplanes	não aplane	não aplanemos	não aplaneis	não aplanem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• achanar

Further reading

• “aplanar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From a- +‎ plano +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aplaˈnaɾ/ [a.plaˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: a‧pla‧nar

Verb

aplanar (first-person singular present aplano, first-person singular preterite aplané, past participle aplanado)

1. to flatten
2. to grade
3. to bulldoze

Conjugation

    Conjugation of aplanar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			aplanar
gerund			aplanando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		aplanado		aplanada
		plural		aplanados		aplanadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	aplano	aplanastú aplanásvos	aplana	aplanamos	aplanáis	aplanan
	imperfect	aplanaba	aplanabas	aplanaba	aplanábamos	aplanabais	aplanaban
	preterite	aplané	aplanaste	aplanó	aplanamos	aplanasteis	aplanaron
	future	aplanaré	aplanarás	aplanará	aplanaremos	aplanaréis	aplanarán
	conditional	aplanaría	aplanarías	aplanaría	aplanaríamos	aplanaríais	aplanarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	aplane	aplanestú aplanésvos2	aplane	aplanemos	aplanéis	aplanen
	imperfect (ra)	aplanara	aplanaras	aplanara	aplanáramos	aplanarais	aplanaran
	imperfect (se)	aplanase	aplanases	aplanase	aplanásemos	aplanaseis	aplanasen
	future1	aplanare	aplanares	aplanare	aplanáremos	aplanareis	aplanaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		aplanatú aplanávos	aplane	aplanemos	aplanad	aplanen
	negative		no aplanes	no aplane	no aplanemos	no aplanéis	no aplanen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of aplanar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive aplanar
	dative	aplanarme	aplanarte	aplanarle, aplanarse	aplanarnos	aplanaros	aplanarles, aplanarse
	accusative	aplanarme	aplanarte	aplanarlo, aplanarla, aplanarse	aplanarnos	aplanaros	aplanarlos, aplanarlas, aplanarse
with gerund aplanando
	dative	aplanándome	aplanándote	aplanándole, aplanándose	aplanándonos	aplanándoos	aplanándoles, aplanándose
	accusative	aplanándome	aplanándote	aplanándolo, aplanándola, aplanándose	aplanándonos	aplanándoos	aplanándolos, aplanándolas, aplanándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative aplana
	dative	apláname	aplánate	aplánale	aplánanos	not used	aplánales
	accusative	apláname	aplánate	aplánalo, aplánala	aplánanos	not used	aplánalos, aplánalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative aplaná
	dative	aplaname	aplanate	aplanale	aplananos	not used	aplanales
	accusative	aplaname	aplanate	aplanalo, aplanala	aplananos	not used	aplanalos, aplanalas
with formal second-person singular imperative aplane
	dative	apláneme	not used	aplánele, aplánese	aplánenos	not used	apláneles
	accusative	apláneme	not used	aplánelo, aplánela, aplánese	aplánenos	not used	aplánelos, aplánelas
with first-person plural imperative aplanemos
	dative	not used	aplanémoste	aplanémosle	aplanémonos	aplanémoos	aplanémosles
	accusative	not used	aplanémoste	aplanémoslo, aplanémosla	aplanémonos	aplanémoos	aplanémoslos, aplanémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative aplanad
	dative	aplanadme	not used	aplanadle	aplanadnos	aplanaos	aplanadles
	accusative	aplanadme	not used	aplanadlo, aplanadla	aplanadnos	aplanaos	aplanadlos, aplanadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative aplanen
	dative	aplánenme	not used	aplánenle	aplánennos	not used	aplánenles, aplánense
	accusative	aplánenme	not used	aplánenlo, aplánenla	aplánennos	not used	aplánenlos, aplánenlas, aplánense

Derived terms

• aplanadora
• aplanamiento

 

Further reading

• “aplanar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014