brauchen
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German brūchen, from Old High German brūhhan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan (“use, employ, consume”). Cognate to English brook and Dutch bruiken.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈbʁaʊ̯xən/, /ˈbʁaʊ̯xn̩/
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) Audio (Austria): (file) - Hyphenation: brau‧chen
Verb
editbrauchen (weak, third-person singular present braucht, past tense brauchte, past participle gebraucht, past subjunctive (prescribed) brauchte or (always used in speech, common in writing) bräuchte, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to need, to be in need of, to require [with accusative or (archaic) genitive ‘something/someone’]
- Ich brauche deine Hilfe. ― I need your help.
- Ich brauche nie lang. ― It never takes me long. (literally, “I never need long.”)
- Dafür brauchen wir dringend eine politische Lösung. ― For this, we urgently need a political solution.
- (auxiliary, chiefly in the negative or with nur (“just, only”)) to need to, to have to
- Du brauchst nicht auf mich (zu) warten. ― You don’t need to wait for me.
- Sie braucht mich nur an(zu)rufen. ― She just needs to call me.
Usage notes
edit- Traditionally, brauchen has been a weak verb in standard German with a regular past subjunctive brauchte. However, the irregular form bräuchte has since found its way from the dialects into the standard. It is already the only common form in spoken German,[1] and is gradually becoming dominant in writing as well (although some grammars may still discourage this usage).
- If the verb is used with another verb in the perfect or pluperfect tense, the infinitive replaces the past participle (ich hätte es nicht zu machen brauchen).
- In colloquial German, the verb may be even further assimilated to modal verbs by taking a bare infinitive instead of a zu infinitive (du brauchst nicht schreien instead of standard du brauchst nicht zu schreien) and sometimes by taking an endingless third-person singular present (er brauch, instead of er braucht). Both of these are properties of modal verbs, cf. er soll gehen, er muss bleiben.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | brauchen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | brauchend | ||||
past participle | gebraucht | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich brauche | wir brauchen | i | ich brauche | wir brauchen |
du brauchst | ihr braucht | du brauchest | ihr brauchet | ||
er braucht | sie brauchen | er brauche | sie brauchen | ||
preterite | ich brauchte | wir brauchten | ii | ich brauchte1,2 ich bräuchte1,3 |
wir brauchten1,2 wir bräuchten1,3 |
du brauchtest | ihr brauchtet | du brauchtest1,2 du bräuchtest1,3 |
ihr brauchtet1,2 ihr bräuchtet1,3 | ||
er brauchte | sie brauchten | er brauchte1,2 er bräuchte1,3 |
sie brauchten1,2 sie bräuchten1,3 | ||
imperative | brauch (du) brauche (du) |
braucht (ihr) |
1This form and alternative in würde both found.
2Prescribed.
3Always used in speech, common in writing.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
editFurther reading
editLuxembourgish
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German brūchen, from Old High German brūhhan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.
Cognate with German brauchen, Dutch bruiken, English brook, West Frisian brûke.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editbrauchen (third-person singular present braucht, past participle gebraucht, past subjunctive bräicht or bréicht, auxiliary verb hunn)
- to need
Conjugation
editIrregular with past tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | brauchen | |||
participle | gebrauch | |||
auxiliary | hunn | |||
present indicative |
past indicative |
conditional | imperative | |
1st singular | brauchen | bräicht | bréicht | — |
2nd singular | brauchs | bräichts | bréichts | brauch |
3rd singular | braucht | bräicht | bréicht | — |
1st plural | brauchen | bräichten | bréichten | — |
2nd plural | braucht | bräicht | bréicht | braucht |
3rd plural | brauchen | bräichten | bréichten | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German auxiliary verbs
- German negative polarity items
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Luxembourgish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish 2-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish verbs
- Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary
- Luxembourgish verbs with past tense