caler

See also: Caler

Aragonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin calēre. Compare Occitan caler and Catalan caldre.

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ka'le(ɾ)]

Verb

caler

1. to be necessary

   Mi mai diz que cal que fez el minchar pa manyana

   My mom says that it's necessary that you cook the food for tomorrow.

Alternative forms

1. calre (Ribagorçan)

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin calēre. Compare Occitan and Aragonese caler.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [kəˈlɛ]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [kəˈlə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [kaˈleɾ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ(ɾ)

Verb

caler (third-person only, third-person singular present cal, third-person singular preterite calgué, past participle calgut)

1. Alternative form of caldre

Conjugation

    Conjugation of caler (second conjugation, irregular, with velar infix, third-person only)

infinitive			caler
gerund			calent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		calgut		calguda
		plural		calguts		calgudes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	—	—	cal	—	—	calen
	imperfect	—	—	calia	—	—	calien
	future	—	—	caldrà	—	—	caldran
	preterite	—	—	calgué	—	—	calgueren
	conditional	—	—	caldria	—	—	caldrien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	—	—	calgui	—	—	calguin
	imperfect	—	—	calgués	—	—	calguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	—	—	—	—	—
	negative (no)	—	—	—	—	—	—

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Occitan calar, from Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.le/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

Verb

caler

1. (transitive) to wedge (open) (a door)
2. (transitive) to jam (machinery etc.), to stall (an engine)
3. (intransitive) to stall (of driver, engine)
4. (transitive) to fill (someone) up
5. (intransitive, colloquial) (of person eating) to give up, be full
6. (transitive) to synchronize
7. (Quebec, transitive) to chug (an alcoholic beverage)
8. (Quebec, transitive) to be bald or balding, to go or be going bald

Conjugation

Conjugation of caler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	caler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	calant /ka.lɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		calé /ka.le/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	cale /kal/	cales /kal/	cale /kal/	calons /ka.lɔ̃/	calez /ka.le/	calent /kal/
	imperfect	calais /ka.lɛ/	calais /ka.lɛ/	calait /ka.lɛ/	calions /ka.ljɔ̃/	caliez /ka.lje/	calaient /ka.lɛ/
	past historic2	calai /ka.le/	calas /ka.la/	cala /ka.la/	calâmes /ka.lam/	calâtes /ka.lat/	calèrent /ka.lɛʁ/
	future	calerai /kal.ʁe/	caleras /kal.ʁa/	calera /kal.ʁa/	calerons /kal.ʁɔ̃/	calerez /kal.ʁe/	caleront /kal.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	calerais /kal.ʁɛ/	calerais /kal.ʁɛ/	calerait /kal.ʁɛ/	calerions /ka.lə.ʁjɔ̃/	caleriez /ka.lə.ʁje/	caleraient /kal.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	cale /kal/	cales /kal/	cale /kal/	calions /ka.ljɔ̃/	caliez /ka.lje/	calent /kal/
	imperfect2	calasse /ka.las/	calasses /ka.las/	calât /ka.la/	calassions /ka.la.sjɔ̃/	calassiez /ka.la.sje/	calassent /ka.las/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	cale /kal/	—	calons /ka.lɔ̃/	calez /ka.le/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “caler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• lacer, racle, raclé

Interlingua

Verb

caler

1. to glow

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Latin

Verb

caler

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of calō

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan caler, from Latin calēre, present active infinitive of caleō. Compare French chaloir, Franco-Provençal chalêr, Catalan caldre, caler and Aragonese caler.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

caler

1. to be necessary

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		caler			aver calgut
gerund		calent			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		calgut			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present				cal
	imperfect				caliá
	preterite				calrà
	future				calguèt
	conditional				calriá
	conditional 2nd form1
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present				calga
	imperfect				calguèsse
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
							1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

References

• Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, page 41.

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin calēre, present active infinitive of caleō.

Verb

caler

1. (reflexive, se caler) to care about; to be concerned about
   • 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Lo gens tems de pascor

     Ela.m ditz no m'en chal.

     She says it to me; I don't care

Usage notes

• Usually in negative constructions with the pronoun ne. Compare Old French chaloir.

Descendants

• Ladino: kaler
• Occitan: caler

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “calēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 83