caraid
See also: càraid
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
caraid
Noun edit
caraid m (genitive singular carad, nominative plural cairde)
- (Cois Fharraige) Alternative form of cara (“friend”)
Declension edit
Declension of caraid
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
caraid | charaid | gcaraid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “caraid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *kareti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
caraid (conjunct ·cara, verbal noun serc or carthain)
- to love
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23d10
- nob·carad glosses uos desiderabat
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56b31
- Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ ní charae; is sí indala ch⟨í⟩all les isindí as emulari in sin.
- Though another may possess what you may desire and you may however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in emulari.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56b39
- Ad·n‑amraigther .i. no·n‑étaigther .i. ad·cosnae són nó no·carae
- that you sg may admire, i.e. that you may emulate i.e. that you may strive after or love
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23d10
Inflection edit
Simple, class A I present, s preterite, a future, a subjunctive
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present indicative | Abs. | caraim | caraid | carait | |||||
Conj. | ·caraim | ·cari | ·cara | ·caram | ·carat | ·carthar | ·cartar | ||
Rel. | caras | cartae | |||||||
Imperfect indicative | nob·carad (with dummy particle no- and infixed pronoun b-) | ||||||||
Preterite | Abs. | carsait | |||||||
Conj. | ·carsat | ||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Perfect | Deut. | rot·charus (with infixed pronoun t-) | ro·car | rondob·carsam (with infixed pronoun dob- in a nasal relative clause) | ro·carsat | ||||
Prot. | |||||||||
Future | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | ·cechra | ·cechrat | |||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Conditional | ·cechrainn | ||||||||
Present subjunctive | Abs. | carae | |||||||
Conj. | ·carae | ·chara; ·rochra (ro-form) | ·carat | ||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Imperative | carad | ||||||||
Verbal noun | serc; carthain | ||||||||
Past participle | |||||||||
Verbal of necessity | carthi |
Descendants edit
- Irish: car
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
caraid | charaid | caraid pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “caraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 481
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Irish cara (“friend, relation”) (compare Irish cara, Manx carrey), from Old Irish carae (“friend, relation”), from Proto-Celtic *karants (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear”) (compare Latin cārus, English charity, whore).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
caraid m (genitive singular caraid, plural càirdean or caraidean)
- (male) friend
- Bu tu fhèin an caraid is cha b’ e sin a h-uile caraid. ― You’re an extraordinary friend.
- Cha chall na gheibh caraid. ― It is no loss what a friend gains.
- Is e an caraid caraid na crùthaig. ― A friend (to one) in need is a friend indeed.
- relative, cousin
Usage notes edit
- The vocative form is used when addressing people in correspondence:
- “A Charaid, ...” ― “Dear Sir, ...”
- “A Chàirdean, ...” ― “Dear Sirs, ...”
- “A Sheumais, a charaid, ...” ― “Dear James, ...”
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
caraid | charaid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |