See also: càraid

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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caraid

  1. (archaic, dialectal) inflection of cara:
    1. dative singular
    2. nominative plural

Noun

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caraid m (genitive singular carad, nominative plural cairde)

  1. Connacht and Ulster form of cara (friend)

Declension

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Declension of caraid (fifth declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative caraid cairde
vocative a charaid a chairde
genitive carad cairde
dative caraid cairde
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an caraid na cairde
genitive an charad na gcairde
dative leis an gcaraid
don charaid
leis na cairde

The historical form a chara can also be used as the vocative.[2]

Mutation

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Mutated forms of caraid
radical lenition eclipsis
caraid charaid gcaraid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, § 37, page 31
  2. 2.0 2.1 Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 147
  3. ^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 74, line 135
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 410, page 134
  5. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page 313

Further reading

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Celtic *karāti (to love), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (to desire, wish).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    caraid (conjunct ·cara, verbal noun serc or carthain)

    1. to love
      • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23d10
        nob·carad glosses uos desiderabat
      • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56b31
        Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ ní charae; is sí indala ch⟨í⟩all les isindí as emulari in sin.
        Though another may possess what you may desire and you may however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds in emulari.
      • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56b39
        Ad·n‑amraigther .i. no·n‑étaigther .i. ad·cosnae són nó no·carae
        that you sg may admire, i.e. that you may emulate i.e. that you may strive after or love

    Inflection

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    Simple, class A I present, s preterite, a future, a subjunctive
    1st sg 2nd sg 3rd sg 1st pl 2nd pl 3rd pl passive sg passive pl
    present indicative abs. caraim caraid carait
    conj. ·caraim ·cari ·cara ·caram ·carat ·carthar ·cartar
    rel. caras cartae
    imperfect indicative nob·carad (with dummy particle no- and infixed pronoun b-)
    preterite abs. carsait
    conj. ·carsat
    rel.
    perfect deut. rot·charus (with infixed pronoun t-) ro·car rondob·carsam (with infixed pronoun dob- in a nasal relative clause) ro·carsat
    prot.
    future abs.
    conj. ·cechra ·cechrat
    rel.
    conditional ·cechrainn
    present subjunctive abs. carae
    conj. ·carae ·chara; ·rochra (ro-form) ·carat
    rel.
    past subjunctive
    imperative carad
    verbal noun serc; carthain
    past participle
    verbal of necessity carthi

    Descendants

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    • Irish: car

    Mutation

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    Mutation of caraid
    radical lenition nasalization
    caraid charaid caraid
    pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

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    Scottish Gaelic

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    Etymology

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      From Middle Irish cara (friend, relation) (compare Irish cara, Manx carrey), from Old Irish carae (friend, relation), from Proto-Celtic *karants (friend), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂-ro-s (dear) (compare Latin cārus, English charity, whore).

      Pronunciation

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      IPA(key): /kʰaɾɪtʲ/

      Noun

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      caraid m (genitive singular caraid, plural càirdean or caraidean)

      1. friend
        Bu tu fhèin an caraid is cha b’ e sin a h-uile caraid.You’re an extraordinary friend.
        Cha chall na gheibh caraid.It is no loss what a friend gains.
        Is e an caraid caraid na crùthaig.A friend (to one) in need is a friend indeed.
      2. relative, cousin

      Usage notes

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      • The vocative form is used when addressing people in correspondence:
        “A Charaid, ...”“Dear Sir, ...”
        “A Chàirdean, ...”“Dear Sirs, ...”
        “A Sheumais, a charaid, ...”“Dear James, ...”

      Derived terms

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      Mutation

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      Mutation of caraid
      radical lenition
      caraid charaid

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      References

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      • Edward Dwelly (1911) “caraid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN