commune

See also: Commune

Contents

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). See also community, communion, common.

PronunciationEdit

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kŏm'yo͞on, IPA^(key): /ˈkɒmjuːn/
• (US) enPR: käm'yo͞on, IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmjuːn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

NounEdit

commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)

1. A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community.
2. A local political division in many European countries.
3. (obsolete) The commonalty; the common people.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)

4. (uncountable, obsolete) communion; sympathetic intercourse or conversation between friends
   • Tennyson

     For days of happy commune dead.

TranslationsEdit

small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community

• Armenian: համայնք (hy) (hamaynkʿ)
• Greek: κοινόβιο (el) n (koinóvio)
• Hebrew: קְבוּצָה‎‎ (he) f (qvutzá), קִבּוּץ‎‎ (he) m (qibbútz)
• Khmer: ឃុំ (km) (kʰum), សង្កាត់ (km) (sɑngkat)

• Russian: общи́на (ru) f (obščína)
• Spanish: comuna (es) f
• Swedish: byalag

local political division in many European countries

• Armenian: կոմունա (hy) (komuna)
• Danish: kommune (da) c
• Franco-Provençal: comena
• Greek: κοινότητα (el) f (koinótita)

• Khmer: សង្កាត់ (km) (sɑngkat), ឃុំ (km) (kʰum)
• Occitan: comuna f
• Russian: комму́на (ru) f (kommúna), общи́на (ru) f (obščína)
• Spanish: comuna (es) f, municipio (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Bulgarian: ^{(please verify)} комуна (komuna)

• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} kommúna f

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnis.

PronunciationEdit

• enPR: kəmyo͞on', IPA^(key): /kəˈmjuːn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

VerbEdit

commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)

1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
   • Shakespeare

     I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.

2. (intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb.

   He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.

3. (Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion.
   • Bishop Gilbert Burnet

     Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the people whole communers, or in suffering them to commune under both kinds […]

---

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of Latin communis.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /kɔ.myn/

• audio

  (file)

NounEdit

commune f (plural communes)

1. commune (administrative subdivision)

DescendantsEdit

• Russian: комму́на f (kommúna)

AdjectiveEdit

commune

1. feminine singular of commun

Derived termsEdit

• sans commune mesure

Further readingEdit

• “commune” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

---

ItalianEdit

AdjectiveEdit

commune (masculine and feminine plural communi)

1. Obsolete form of comune.

NounEdit

commune m (plural communi)

1. Obsolete form of comune.

Derived termsEdit

• communità

---

LatinEdit

AdjectiveEdit

commūne

1. nominative neuter singular of commūnis
2. accusative neuter singular of commūnis
3. vocative neuter singular of commūnis

ReferencesEdit

• commune in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• commune in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• commune in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• commune in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
    
  • (ambiguous) unanimously: uno, communi, summo or omnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35)
    
  • (ambiguous) the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech: communis sermonis consuetudo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think: multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere