flora

See also: Flora, flóra, flóra-, and Flóra

English

Etymology

From Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈflɔː.ɹə/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔːɹə

Noun

flora (countable and uncountable, plural floras or florae or floræ)

1. Plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.
   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page viii:

     Thirdly, I continue to attempt to interdigitate the taxa in our flora with taxa of the remainder of the world.

2. A book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.
   • 1999, J. G. Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles

     He intended to publish a flora of the island, and drafted out a synonymic catalogue, into which he inserted from time to time elaborate descriptions drawn up from living specimens of the species which he was able to procure.

   • 2000, Daniel R. Headrick, When Information Came of Age (page 26)

     Nowhere was the victory of Linnaeanism more complete than in Britain. When William Hudson's Flora Anglica, organized in the Linnaean manner, appeared in 1762, it displaced all previous floras.

3. The microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.

   gut flora, intestinal flora

   • 1920, Robert L. Tweed, A Study of the Effect of Milk Upon the Bacterial Flora of the Intestinal Tract:

   • 1947, Adelaide Evangeline Evenson, The Intestinal Flora of Laboratory Animals and Its Modification by Diet and Drugs:

   • 1977, Betty H. K. Dee, The Aerobic Bacterial Flora of the Intestinal Tract of Marine Fishes:

   • 1977, United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, page 191:

     The host effects upon the flora of both the small intestine and the large intestine must be examined.

   • 2003 December 11, Moselio Schaechter, Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 520:

     Approximately 3% of healthy adults harbor C. difficile in the intestinal tract. […] In contrast, the flora of the cecum is predominantly gram negative, with Bacteroides and Selenomonas being the major constituents.

   • 2013 March 31, Chetana Vaishnavi, Infections of the Gastrointestinal System, JP Medical Ltd, →ISBN, page 5:

     […] Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides and Spirochetes that characterize the flora of the large intestine.

Synonyms

• (microorganisms): microflora

Coordinate terms

• fauna

Derived terms

• bacterial flora
• dendroflora
• disaster flora
• ethnoflora
• lamp flora

 

Translations

plants considered as a group

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 植物群 (zh) (zhíwùqún)

• Czech: květena f, flóra (cs) f
• Esperanto: plantaro, flaŭro
• Finnish: kasvisto (fi)
• French: flore (fr) f
• Galician: flora (gl) f
• Georgian: ფლორა (plora)
• German: Flora (de) f, Pflanzenreich (de) n, Pflanzenwelt (de) f
• Greek: χλωρίδα (el) f (chlorída)
• Hungarian: flóra (hu)
• Icelandic: flóra f, gróðurríki n
• Italian: flora (it) f
• Japanese: 植物相 (しょくぶつそう, shokubutsusō)
• Lithuanian: augalija f
• Maori: ngāi tipu
• Persian: پوشش گیاهی‎, گیاگان‎ (fa) (giyāgān)
• Polish: flora (pl) f
• Portuguese: flora (pt) f
• Romanian: floră (ro) f
• Russian: фло́ра (ru) f (flóra)
• Spanish: flora (es) f
• Swedish: flora (sv) c
• Tagalog: talahalmanan
• Volapük: planem

a book describing the plants of a country etc.

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 植物志 (zhíwùzhì)

• Finnish: kasvio (fi)
• French: flore (fr) f
• Galician: flora (gl) f
• Hungarian: flóra (hu)
• Icelandic: flóra f
• Japanese: 植物誌 (しょくぶつし, shokubutsushi)
• Russian: фло́ра (ru) f (flóra)
• Swedish: flora (sv) c

the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body

• Estonian: floora
• Finnish: floora (fi), mikrofloora, mikrobisto
• French: flore intestinale (fr) f
• Galician: flora (gl) f
• German: Flora (de) f
• Hungarian: flóra (hu)
• Icelandic: flóra f
• Italian: flora (it) f
• Persian: فلور طبیعی‎
• Romanian: floră (ro) f, floră microbială f, floră bacterială, floră intestinală f
• Russian: фло́ра (ru) f (flóra)
• Swedish: flora (sv) c

Anagrams

• folar

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), from flōs (“blossom”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈflo.ɾə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈflo.ɾa/

Noun

flora f (uncountable)

1. flora

Coordinate terms

• fauna

Derived terms

• florístic

Related terms

• flor

Further reading

• “flora” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Latin Flōra (Roman goddess of flowers).

Noun

flora (more common word is nebatat)

1. flora

Declension

Declension of flora

nominative	flora
genitive	floranıñ
dative	florağa
accusative	floranı
locative	florada
ablative	floradan

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin flōra, from Flōra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfloː.raː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: flo‧ra
• Rhymes: -oːraː

Noun

flora f (plural flora's)

1. flora (plant life, in particular the plant living or endemic in a certain area)

   Synonym: plantenwereld

2. flora (plant book)

   Synonyms: floragids, plantenboek

Derived terms

• darmflora
• floragids

Related terms

• Fleur
• fleurig
• florisant

Descendants

• Afrikaans: flora

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Esperanto

Etymology

From floro +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈflora]
• Rhymes: -ora
• Hyphenation: flo‧ra

Adjective

flora (accusative singular floran, plural floraj, accusative plural florajn)

1. (botany) floral

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch flora, from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), flōs (“blossom”), from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈflora]
• Hyphenation: flo‧ra

Noun

flora (first-person possessive floraku, second-person possessive floramu, third-person possessive floranya)

1. flora:
   1. (botany) plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.
   2. (botany) a book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.
   3. (microbiology) the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.

Further reading

• “flora” in Online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language [Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring], Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈflɔ.ra/
• Rhymes: -ɔra
• Hyphenation: flò‧ra

Noun

flora f (plural flore)

1. flora

Derived terms

• flora batterica

Anagrams

• farlo

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin Flora, goddess of flowers.

Noun

flora m (definite singular floraen, indefinite plural floraer, definite plural floraene)

1. (botany) flora

References

• “flora” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “flora” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin Flora, goddess of flowers.

Noun

flora m (definite singular floraen, indefinite plural floraer or floraar, definite plural floraene or floraane)

1. (botany) flora

References

• “flora” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Flōra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈflɔ.ra/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔra
• Syllabification: flo‧ra
• Homophone: Flora

Noun

flora f

1. flora (“plants considered as a group”)

   Synonyms: roślinność, szata roślinna

   Antonym: fauna

Declension

Usually in the singular.

Declension of flora

	singular	plural
nominative	flora	flory
genitive	flory	flor
dative	florze	florom
accusative	florę	flory
instrumental	florą	florami
locative	florze	florach
vocative	floro	flory

Derived terms

noun

• flora bakteryjna

 

Further reading

• flora in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• flora in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈflɔ.ɾɐ/

• Homophone: Flora
• Hyphenation: flo‧ra

Noun

flora f (plural floras)

1. flora (plants of a region considered as a group)

Related terms

• flor
• florescer
• florir

 

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /flôːra/
• Hyphenation: flo‧ra

Noun

flȏra f (Cyrillic spelling фло̑ра)

1. flora

Declension

Declension of flora

	singular	plural
nominative	flora	flore
genitive	flore	flora
dative	flori	florama
accusative	floru	flore
vocative	floro	flore
locative	flori	florama
instrumental	florom	florama

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾa/ [ˈflo.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -oɾa
• Syllabification: flo‧ra

Noun

flora f (plural floras)

1. flora

Verb

flora

1. inflection of florar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “flora”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /fluːra/

Noun

flora c

1. flora (vegetation, book)

   Antonym: fauna

Declension

Declension of flora
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	flora	floran	floror	flororna
Genitive	floras	florans	florors	florornas