funk
English
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /fʌŋk/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- Rhymes: -ʌŋk
Etymology 1
edit1620, from French dialectal (Norman) funquer, funquier (“to smoke, reek”), from Old Northern French fungier (“to smoke”), from Vulgar Latin fūmicāre, alteration of Latin fūmigāre (“to smoke, fumigate”). Related to French dialect funkière (“smoke”). More at fumigate.
Noun
editfunk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)
- (countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.
- 1982, “Thriller”, in Rod Temperton (lyrics), Quincy Jones (music), Thriller, performed by Michael Jackson (featuring Vincent Price), Epic Records:
- The foulest stench is in the air; the funk of 40,000 years and grizzly ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom.
- (uncountable, music) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.
Derived terms
editTranslations
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Verb
editfunk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)
- (intransitive) To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
- (transitive) To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.
- c. 1709, William King, The Furmentary:
- He funks Basketia and her son to death
- 2012, M. C. Beaton, Diana the Huntress:
- Funking a cobbler – that is, blowing smoke into his stall; smoking cigars at divans and club houses; […]
- (intransitive) To perform funk music.
- 1989 December 17, Christopher Wittke, “On The Edge In The '80s”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 23, page 9:
- From the earliest part of this decade when he funked in relative obscurity to his days as a superstar with the release of his Batman soundtrack last summer, I could almost always count on Prince.
- (euphemistic, slang) Fuck (the taboo swear word)
- Funk this!
Synonyms
edit- eff;
Derived terms
editTranslations
editEtymology 2
editFrom Middle English funke, fonke (“spark”), from Old English *funca (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”). Cognate with Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”). See also spunk.
Noun
editfunk (plural funks)
Translations
editEtymology 3
edit1743, Scottish and Northern English dialectal word, originally a verb meaning "to panic, fail due to panic". Perhaps from or cognate with obsolete Dutch fonck (“distress, agitation”), from Middle Dutch fonck (“perturbation, agitation”). More at flunk.
Noun
editfunk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)
- (countable) Mental depression.
- (uncountable) A state of fear or panic, especially cowardly.
- 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:
- [The helmsman] steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk […]
- 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 1: Telemachus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 4:
- —A woful lunatic, Mulligan said. Were you in a funk?
- 1925, Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway[1], London: The Hogarth Press, →OCLC:
- Holmes was coming upstairs. Holmes would burst open the door. Holmes would say, “In a funk, eh?” Holmes would get him.
- 1944 (written, first published in 2015), Bob Cooney, Proud Journey
- As I left the platform, the atmosphere was tense but there was no sign of uneasiness or funk […]
- (countable) One who fears or panics; a coward.
- 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:
- It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
Translations
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Verb
editfunk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)
- (transitive, intransitive) To shrink from, or avoid something because of fear.
- 1857, Charles Kingsley, “(please specify the page)”, in Two Years Ago, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC:
- He'll have funked it , when he comes to the edge , and sees nothing but mist below
- 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:
- It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
- (transitive) To frighten; to cause to flinch.
Translations
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Danish
editEtymology 1
editFrom English funk. Attested since 1977.
Noun
editfunk c (singular definite funken, not used in plural form)
Declension
editcommon gender |
Singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | funk | funken |
genitive | funks | funkens |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editSee funke.
Verb
editfunk
- imperative of funke
References
edit- “funk” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editfunk m (uncountable)
- funk (music style)
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editfunk m (definite singular funken, uncountable)
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editfunk
- imperative of funke
Etymology 3
editVerb
editfunk (present tense funke, past tense funka, past participle funka)
Usage notes
edit(the dialectal form): The ending -e in present tense is reduced in the negation form (while spoken). Hence the written form "funk itj" is used, when the standard spelling is "funkar ikkje". Compare to phrases like "æ årsk itj" ("I do not bother").
Polish
editEtymology 1
editUnadapted borrowing from English funk.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfunk m inan
Declension
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editBack-formation from funkcjonariusz.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfunk m pers
- (historical, rare) official, officer, agent, functionary (paid official of a political party or state security institution)
- 1996, Henryk Pająk, Rządy zbirów: 1940-1990:
- W czołowym dzienniku polskojęzycznym uczą nas demokracji, tolerancji, europejskości synale wybitnych funków Komunistycznej Partii Polski, KPZU.
- In the leading Polish-language daily, we are taught democracy, tolerance, and European-ness by the sons of prominent officials of the Communist Party of Poland, CPWU.
Usage notes
editThis word used primarily to refer to functionaries of former communist parties (especially the Communist Party of Poland), as well as organs of the communist state.
Declension
editFurther reading
editPortuguese
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English funk.
Pronunciation
edit
Noun
editfunk m (plural funks)
- (music, uncountable) funk (a genre of popular music derived from soul music)
- (Brazil, music, uncountable) funk carioca (Brazilian music genre derived from Miami bass)
- (Brazil, music) a particular song or composition of funk carioca
Derived terms
editSpanish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editfunk m (uncountable)
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʌŋk
- Rhymes:English/ʌŋk/1 syllable
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Old Northern French
- English terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Musical genres
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English euphemisms
- English slang
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms derived from Dutch
- English terms derived from Middle Dutch
- en:Smell
- Danish terms derived from English
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- da:Music
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish verb forms
- da:Musical genres
- Dutch terms borrowed from English
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch uncountable nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- nn:Music
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk dialectal terms
- Trøndersk Norwegian
- nn:Musical genres
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish terms derived from Old Northern French
- Polish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish unadapted borrowings from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/aŋk
- Rhymes:Polish/aŋk/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish singularia tantum
- Polish back-formations
- Rhymes:Polish/uŋk
- Rhymes:Polish/uŋk/1 syllable
- Polish personal nouns
- Polish terms with historical senses
- Polish terms with rare senses
- Polish terms with quotations
- pl:Male people
- pl:Musical genres
- pl:Occupations
- Portuguese terms borrowed from English
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English
- Portuguese terms derived from English
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese terms spelled with K
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Musical genres
- Portuguese uncountable nouns
- Brazilian Portuguese
- pt:Music
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/ank
- Rhymes:Spanish/ank/1 syllable
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish uncountable nouns
- Spanish terms spelled with K
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Music
- es:Musical genres