funk
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
1620, from French dialectal (Norman) funquer, funquier (“to smoke, reek”), from Old Northern French fungier (“to smoke”), from Vulgar Latin fūmicāre, alteration of Latin fūmigāre (“to smoke, fumigate”). Related to French dialect funkière (“smoke”). More at fumigate.
Noun edit
funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)
- (countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.
- 1982, “Thriller”, in Rod Temperton (lyrics), Quincy Jones (music), Thriller, performed by Michael Jackson (featuring Vincent Price), Epic Records:
- The foulest stench is in the air; the funk of 40,000 years and grizzly ghouls from every tomb are closing in to seal your doom.
- (uncountable, music) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)
- (intransitive) To emit an offensive smell; to stink.
- (transitive) To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.
- c. 1709, William King, The Furmentary:
- He funks Basketia and her son to death
- 2012, M. C. Beaton, Diana the Huntress:
- Funking a cobbler – that is, blowing smoke into his stall; smoking cigars at divans and club houses; […]
- (euphemistic, slang) Fuck (the taboo swear word)
- Funk this!
Synonyms edit
- eff;
Translations edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English funke, fonke (“spark”), from Old English *funca (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”). Cognate with Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”). See also spunk.
Noun edit
funk (plural funks)
Translations edit
Etymology 3 edit
1743, Scottish and Northern English dialectal word, originally a verb meaning "to panic, fail due to panic". Perhaps from or cognate with obsolete Dutch fonck (“distress, agitation”), from Middle Dutch fonck (“perturbation, agitation”). More at flunk.
Noun edit
funk (countable and uncountable, plural funks)
- (countable) Mental depression.
- (uncountable) A state of fear or panic, especially cowardly.
- 1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:
- [The helmsman] steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk […]
- 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 1: Telemachus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 4:
- —A woful lunatic, Mulligan said. Were you in a funk?
- 1925, Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway[1], London: The Hogarth Press, →OCLC:
- Holmes was coming upstairs. Holmes would burst open the door. Holmes would say, “In a funk, eh?” Holmes would get him.
- 1944 (written, first published in 2015), Bob Cooney, Proud Journey
- As I left the platform, the atmosphere was tense but there was no sign of uneasiness or funk […]
- (countable) One who fears or panics; a coward.
- 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:
- It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
Translations edit
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Verb edit
funk (third-person singular simple present funks, present participle funking, simple past and past participle funked)
- (transitive, intransitive) To shrink from, or avoid something because of fear.
- 1857, Charles Kingsley, “(please specify the page)”, in Two Years Ago, volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC:
- He'll have funked it , when he comes to the edge , and sees nothing but mist below
- 1875, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style, The Art of Swimming in the Eton Style:
- It is the long probation in the old way of teaching that fellows funk at or makes funks of them and their slow pace, almost up to the end of that probation, all who teach themselves are in a worse predicament as the hands with them are made the principle propellors instead of the feet.
- 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 56:
- "Always wanted a go at the figure. Funked it. Shows what a man can do, given the right model. Dam' good model."
- (transitive) To frighten; to cause to flinch.
Translations edit
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Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From English funk. Attested since 1977.
Noun edit
funk c (singular definite funken, not used in plural form)
Declension edit
| common gender |
Singular | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | funk | funken |
| genitive | funks | funkens |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
See funke.
Verb edit
funk
- imperative of funke
References edit
- “funk” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
funk m (uncountable)
- funk (music style)
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
funk m (definite singular funken, uncountable)
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
funk
- imperative of funke
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
funk (present tense funke, past tense funka, past participle funka)
Usage notes edit
(the dialectal form): The ending -e in present tense is reduced in the negation form (while spoken). Hence the written form "funk itj" is used, when the standard spelling is "funkar ikkje". Compare to phrases like "æ årsk itj" ("I do not bother").
Polish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unadapted borrowing from English funk.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
funk m inan
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Back-formation from funkcjonariusz.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
funk m pers
- (historical, rare) official, officer, agent, functionary (paid official of a political party or state security institution)
- 1996, Henryk Pająk, Rządy zbirów: 1940-1990:
- W czołowym dzienniku polskojęzycznym uczą nas demokracji, tolerancji, europejskości synale wybitnych funków Komunistycznej Partii Polski, KPZU.
- In the leading Polish-language daily, we are taught democracy, tolerance, and European-ness by the sons of prominent officials of the Communist Party of Poland, CPWU.
Usage notes edit
This word used primarily to refer to functionaries of former communist parties (especially the Communist Party of Poland), as well as organs of the communist state.
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from English funk.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
funk m (plural funks)
- (music, uncountable) funk (a genre of popular music derived from soul music)
- (Brazil, music, uncountable) funk carioca (Brazilian music genre derived from Miami bass)
- (Brazil, music) a particular song or composition of funk carioca
Derived terms edit
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
funk m (uncountable)