gene

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication, from the last syllable of pangene.^[1]

PronunciationEdit

enPR: jēn, IPA^(key): /dʒiːn/
Audio (US)
(file)
Rhymes: -iːn
Homophones: Gene, Jean

NounEdit

gene (plural genes)

(genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.
Coordinate term: cistron
- 2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10:
  The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.
(molecular biology) A segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein; locus.
A change in a gene is reflected in the protein or RNA molecule that it codes for.

Usage notesEdit

In the simplest case and in principle, a gene locus is supposed to be the physical reality corresponding to the theoretical gene unit of heredity; in practice, things are far more complicated and confused, which is well known and acknowledged. However, these questions are the subject of still very active scientific research, as well as the topic of both scientific and philosophical questions, especially on the real compatibility between both senses of the term.

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

pangene

TranslationsEdit

unit of heredity

Albanian: gjen (sq) m
Arabic: جِين‎ m (jīn)
Armenian: գեն (hy) (gen)
Azerbaijani: gen
Belarusian: ген m (hjen)
Bengali: জিন (jin), বংশাণু (bôṅśanu)
Bulgarian: ген (bg) m (gen)
Catalan: gen (ca) m
Cherokee: ᏧᏚᎪᏛᏅ ᏂᏣᎵᏍᏙᏗ (tsudugodvnv nitsalisdodi)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 基因 (zh) (jīyīn)

Min Nan: 基因 (ki-in), 遺傳子 (ûi-thoân-chú)
Czech: gen (cs) m
Danish: gen (da) n
Dutch: gen (nl) n
Esperanto: geno (eo)
Estonian: geen
Faroese: ílega f, arvaeind f
Finnish: geeni (fi), perintötekijä (fi)
French: gène (fr) m
Galician: xene m
Georgian: გენი (geni)
German: Gen (de) n
Greek: γονίδιο (el) n (gonídio)
Gujarati: જનીન (janīn)
Hebrew: גֶּן‎ (he) m (gen)
Hindi: जीन (hi) m (jīn), वंशाणु m (vanśāṇu), पित्रैक (pitraik)
Hungarian: gén (hu)
Ido: geno (io)
Indonesian: gen (id)
Irish: géin f
Italian: gene (it) m
Japanese: 遺伝子 (ja) (いでんし, idenshi)
Kannada: ವಂಶವಾಹಿ (kn) (vaṃśavāhi)
Kazakh: ген (gen)
Khmer: កត្តាបន្តពូជ (kattaa bɑntɑɑ puu cɔɔ)
Korean: 유전자 (ko) (yujeonja)
Kyrgyz: ген (gen)
Lao: ກະລະລະ (ka la la)

Latin: genum
Latvian: gēns m
Lingala: kobóta
Lithuanian: genas m
Macedonian: ген m (gen)
Malay: gen
Mongolian: ген (mn) (gen), ᠭᠧᠨ (ɣēn)
Nepali: वंशाणु (vaṅśāṇu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: gen m or n
Persian: ژن‎ (fa) (žen)
Polish: gen (pl) m
Portuguese: gene (pt) m
Romanian: genă (ro) f
Russian: ген (ru) m (gen)
Scottish Gaelic: gine f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ген m

Roman: gen (sh) m
Sinhalese: ජාන (jāna)
Slovak: gén m
Slovene: gen (sl) m
Spanish: gen (es) m, gene (es) m
Swedish: gen (sv) c
Tagalog: hene
Tajik: ген (gen)
Tamil: மரபணு (ta) (marapaṇu), பரம்பரை அலகு (paramparai alaku) (Sri Lanka)
Telugu: జన్యువు (te) (janyuvu)
Thai: หน่วยพันธุกรรม (nùay pan-tú-gam)
Turkish: gen (tr)
Turkmen: gen
Ukrainian: ген m (hen)
Urdu: جین‎ m (jīn), وراثہ‎ (vārsā)
Uzbek: gen (uz)
Vietnamese: gen (vi), di tố
Volapük: gered
Yiddish: גען‎ (gen)

ReferencesEdit

^ Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1909) Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre [Elements of exact heredity]‎^[1] (in German), Jena: Gustav Fischer, page 124:
Darum scheint es am einfachsten, aus Darwin's^[sic] bekanntem Wort die uns allein interessierende letzte Silbe „Gen“ isoliert zu verwerten, um damit das schlechte, mehrdeutige Wort „Anlage“ zu ersetzen.

AnagramsEdit

Enge

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French gêne.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /sjeːnə/, [ˈɕeːnə]

NounEdit

gene c (singular definite genen, plural indefinite gener)

inconvenience, nuisance (something that bothers)
Røgen fra skorstenen er til gene for naboerne.
The smoke from the chimney is bothering the neighbours.