gene

See also: Gene, gène, gêne, gêné, ĝene, and -gène

Contents

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From German Gen, coined by Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”) from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”).

PronunciationEdit

• enPR: jēn, IPA^(key): /dʒiːn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːn
• Homophones: Gene, Jean

NounEdit

gene (plural genes)

1. (genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms ; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.
   • The gene has been defined by the Danish botanist, plant physiologist, and geneticist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen, in 1909 in the book Arvelighedslærens Elementer (elements of the study of heredity), as the unit of heredity.
   • 2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10:

     The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2. (molecular biology) A segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein; locus.
   • A change in a gene is reflected in the protein or RNA molecule that it codes for.

Usage notesEdit

• In the simplest case and in principle, a gene locus is supposed to be the physical reality corresponding to the theoretical gene unit of heredity; in practice, things are far more complicated and confused, which is well known and acknowledged. However, these questions are the subject of still very active scientific research, as well as the topic of both scientific and philosophical questions, especially on the real compatibility between both senses of the term.

Derived termsEdit

terms derived from "gene"

• gene complex
• gene flow
• gene frequency
• gene pool
• gene product
• gene-splicing
• gene therapy

• genetic
• geneticist
• genetics
• genome
• genotype
• pseudogene

Related termsEdit

• pangene

See alsoEdit

• locus
• allele
• dominant
• recessive

TranslationsEdit

unit of heredity

• Albanian: gjen (sq) m
• Arabic: جِين m (jīn)
• Armenian: գեն (hy) (gen)
• Azeri: gen
• Belarusian: ген m (hjen)
• Bengali: জিন (jin)
• Bulgarian: ген (bg) m (gen)
• Catalan: gen (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 基因 (zh) (jīyīn)

  Min Nan: 基因 (ki-in), 遺傳子 (ûi-thoân-chú)

• Czech: gen (cs) m
• Danish: gen (da) n
• Dutch: gen (nl) n
• Esperanto: geno
• Estonian: geen
• Faroese: ílega f, arvaeind f
• Finnish: geeni (fi)
• French: gène (fr) m
• Galician: xene m
• Georgian: გენი (geni)
• German: Gen (de) n
• Greek: γονίδιο (el) n (gonídio)
• Gujarati: જનીન (janīn)
• Hebrew: גֶּן (he) m (gen)
• Hindi: जीन (hi) m (jīn), वंशाणु m (vanśāṇu), पित्रैक (pitraik)
• Hungarian: gén (hu)
• Ido: geno (io)
• Indonesian: gen (id)
• Irish: géin f
• Italian: gene (it) m
• Japanese: 遺伝子 (ja) (いでんし, idenshi)
• Kazakh: ген (gen)
• Khmer: កត្តាបន្តពូជ (kattaa bɑntɑɑ puu cɔɔ)
• Korean: 유전자 (ko) (yujeonja)
• Kyrgyz: ген (gen)
• Lao: ກະລະລະ (ka la la)

• Latvian: gēns m
• Lingala: kobóta
• Lithuanian: genas m
• Lojban: jgina
• Macedonian: ген m (gen)
• Malay: gen
• Mongolian: ген (mn) (gen)
• Nepali: वंशाणु (wãśāṇu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gen m, n

• Persian: ژن (fa) (žen)
• Polish: gen (pl) m
• Portuguese: gene (pt) m
• Romanian: genă (ro) f
• Russian: ген (ru) m (gen)
• Scottish Gaelic: gine f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ген m

  Roman: gen (sh) m

• Sinhalese: ජාන (jāna)
• Slovak: gén m
• Slovene: gen (sl) m
• Spanish: gen (es) m, gene (es) m
• Swedish: gen (sv) c
• Tagalog: kamana, gene
• Tajik: ген (gen)
• Telugu: జన్యువు (te) (janyuvu)
• Thai: หน่วยพันธุกรรม (nùay pan-tú-gam)
• Turkish: gen (tr)
• Turkmen: gen
• Ukrainian: ген m (hen)
• Urdu: جین m (jīn)
• Uzbek: gen (uz)
• Vietnamese: gen (vi)
• Volapük: gered
• Yiddish: גען (gen)

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DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French gêne.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ˈɕeːnə/

NounEdit

gene c (singular definite genen, plural indefinite gener)

1. Something that bothers; a nuisance.

   Røgen fra skorstenen er til gene for naboerne.

   The smoke from the chimney is bothering the neighbours.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of gene

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gene	genen	gener	generne
genitive	genes	genens	geners	genernes

ReferencesEdit

• “gene” in Den Danske Ordbog

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DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːnə

AdjectiveEdit

gene

1. Inflected form of geen

AnagramsEdit

• geen, neeg, nege

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ItalianEdit

NounEdit

gene m (plural geni)

1. (genetics) gene

Related termsEdit

• genetica
• genetico
• genetista
• genico
• genotipo

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Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *gēn, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣeːnə/

DeterminerEdit

gêne

1. that over there, yonder

Alternative formsEdit

• ghêne

DescendantsEdit

• Dutch: geen

Further readingEdit

• “ghene (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “gene”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

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PortugueseEdit

NounEdit

gene m

1. (genetics) gene

Related termsEdit

• genética

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SpanishEdit

NounEdit

gene m (plural genes)

1. gene

SynonymsEdit

• gen m

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TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Turkic yana.

AdverbEdit

gene

1. (colloquial) yine (again)

NounEdit

gene

1. dative singular of gen