Wiktionary

ketchup

See also: Ketchup and kétchup

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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A bottle of tomato ketchup.
 
A bottle of mushroom ketchup.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Uncertain, but probably ultimately from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”) via Malay kicap, though the precise path is unclear – there are related words in various Chinese languages, and it may have entered English directly from Hokkien Chinese. Cognate to Indonesian kecap, ketjap (“soy sauce”). Various other theories exist – see Ketchup: Etymology for extended discussion.

First appeared in English in the late 17th century in reference to a Southeast Asian sauce encountered by British traders and sailors. The Oxford English Dictionary notes that it was commonly used in the 18th century to refer to a variety of similar sauces with varying ingredients—"anchovies, mushrooms, walnuts, and oysters being particularly popular"—but by the late 19th century the current tomato ketchup became the most popular form.[1]

Catsup (earlier catchup) is an alternative Anglicization, still in use in the U.S.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup (countable and uncountable, plural ketchups)

  1. (uncountable, chiefly US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup. A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.
    Synonym: tomato catsup
    Hypernyms: tomato sauce, red ketchup, red catsup
    tomato ketchup
    This diner serves ketchup in red bottles, and mustard in yellow ones.
  2. (countable, now rare) Such a sauce more generally (not necessarily based on tomatoes, but with mushrooms, fish, etc.). This is the older meaning.
    Hyponyms: tomato ketchup, tomato catsup, fruit ketchup, fruit catsup, corn ketchup, corn catsup, green ketchup, green catsup, yellow ketchup, yellow catsup
    • 1883, Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery, page lxxxiii:
      The bottles, however, were port bottles, but contained mushroom ketchup; […]
    • 2003, Inns and Bed and Breakfasts in Quebec 2003, Ulysses Travel Guides, page 46:
      To accompany meat, we prepare fruit ketchups and rhubarb chutney.

Usage notes

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The spelling ketchup became significantly preferred in the United States due to the popularity of the Heinz brand, which shortly after its introduction in 1876 switched from catsup to this spelling to distinguish itself from competitors. Other major brands, such as Hunt, subsequently followed, with Del Monte only switching to ketchup in 1988.[2]

This condiment is more commonly and somewhat ambiguously called tomato sauce outside of North America and the United Kingdom. In South Africa, the word ketchup is not generally understood.

Hypernyms

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Coordinate terms

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common Chinese condiment sauces
condiments commonly paired with tomato ketchup

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Descendants of ketchup

Translations

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Verb

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ketchup (third-person singular simple present ketchups, present participle ketchupping, simple past and past participle ketchupped)

  1. (transitive) To cover with ketchup.
    • 1867, John Maddison Morton, Aunt Charlotte's maid: a farce in one act:
      It strikes me she's "ketchupped" the lot! I won't touch a morsel!
    • 1973, Horizon, page 15:
      "Well," said Chuck, ketchupping his hamburger, "I'd rather do without King Lear than put up with the human agony it sprang out of. I'd rather not have the Eroica than have the big bloody conqueror it tries to immortalize."
    • 2009, David Silverman, Twinkle, page 4:
      Their fellow diners, like their ketchupped grub, were appropriately dashed and splattered with paint and plaster, reading their Suns and Daily Mirror.

References

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  1. ^ "Ketchup", Oxford English Dictionary (online edition, 2020).
  2. ^ “Is There a Difference Between Ketchup and Catsup?”, Slate, Aisha Harris, April 22, 2013

Danish

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Etymology

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From English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup c (singular definite ketchuppen, plural indefinite ketchupper)

  1. (uncountable) ketchup (a tomate sauce with vinegar)
  2. (countable) ketchup (a particular brand or type of ketchup)

Declension

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Declension of ketchup
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ketchup ketchuppen ketchupper ketchupperne
genitive ketchups ketchuppens ketchuppers ketchuppernes

Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap). Doublet of ketjap.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup m (plural ketchups, diminutive ketchupje n)

  1. ketchup
    Synonym: tomatenketchup

Derived terms

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup m (plural ketchups)

  1. ketchup

Further reading

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Polish

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup m inan

  1. Alternative spelling of keczup

Declension

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Declension of ketchup
singular plural
nominative ketchup ketchupy
genitive ketchupu ketchupów
dative ketchupowi ketchupom
accusative ketchup ketchupy
instrumental ketchupem ketchupami
locative ketchupie ketchupach
vocative ketchupie ketchupy

Further reading

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  • ketchup in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ketchup in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup.

Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˌkɛt͡ʃˈʃu.pi/, /ˌkɛ.t͡ʃiˈʃu.pi/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˌkɛt͡ʃˈʃu.pe/

Noun

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ketchup m (plural ketchups)

  1. (uncountable) ketchup (tomato-vinegar based sauce)

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:ketchup.

References

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“ketchup”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Romanian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup.

Noun

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ketchup n (uncountable)

  1. ketchup

Declension

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declension of ketchup (singular only)
singular
n gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ketchup ketchupul
genitive/dative (unui) ketchup ketchupului
vocative ketchupule

Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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ketchup m (Cyrillic spelling кетцхуп)

  1. Alternative form of kečap

Spanish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /keˈt͡ʃup/ [keˈt͡ʃup]
  • Rhymes: -up

Noun

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ketchup m (plural ketchups)

  1. ketchup

Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
 
ketchup på köttbullar (“meatballs”) och makaroner (“(elbow) macaroni”)
 
ketchup på pyttipanna

Etymology

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From English ketchup.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ketchup c

  1. ketchup
    senap och ketchup
    ketchup and mustard ["senap och ketchup" feels more idiomatic than "mustard and ketchup" does in English, for some reason]

Usage notes

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Popular and uncontroversial pasta condiment in Sweden.

Declension

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Declension of ketchup
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ketchup ketchups
definite ketchupen ketchupens
plural indefinite — —
definite — —

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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West Frisian

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Etymology

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From English ketchup.

Noun

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ketchup c (no plural)

  1. ketchup
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