musta

See also: 'musta, mušta, and muşta

English

Etymology

Written form of a reduction of must have.

Verb

musta

1. (colloquial) Contraction of must have.

   He musta guessed. There's no other explanation.

   • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 38:

     I ran out the kitchen and down the narrow hallway. I passed a staircase on my right that led to the apartment upstairs where T.C. and Miss Lady lived. I'd never been invited up there but I had a colorful picture in my little head about how grand it musta been.

Usage notes

Reflecting pronunciation, used when have is an auxiliary rather than main verb.

Synonyms

• must’ve

See also

• coulda
• hadda
• shoulda
• woulda
• mighta
• oughta

Anagrams

• Ma Tsu, Ma-tsu, Mat-Su, Matsu, Maust, sumat

Cebuano

Alternative forms

• 'musta

Etymology

Clipping of kumusta.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: mus‧ta
• IPA^(key): /ˈmusta/ [ˈmus̪.t̪ɐ]

Interjection

músta (Badlit spelling ᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ)

1. hello
2. how are you?
3. used to ask about the status of someone or something

Chamicuro

Preposition

musta

1. with

Estonian

Adjective

musta

1. genitive singular of must
2. partitive singular of must
3. illative singular of must

Noun

musta

1. genitive singular of must
2. partitive singular of must
3. illative singular of must

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmustɑ/, [ˈmus̠tɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ustɑ
• Syllabification^(key): mus‧ta
• Hyphenation^(key): mus‧ta

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

musta (comparative mustempi, superlative mustin)

1. black (colour)
2. black (person)

Declension

Inflection of musta (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		musta	mustat
genitive		mustan	mustien
partitive		mustaa	mustia
illative		mustaan	mustiin
		singular	plural
nominative		musta	mustat
accusative	nom.	musta	mustat
	gen.	mustan
genitive		mustan	mustien mustain rare
partitive		mustaa	mustia
inessive		mustassa	mustissa
elative		mustasta	mustista
illative		mustaan	mustiin
adessive		mustalla	mustilla
ablative		mustalta	mustilta
allative		mustalle	mustille
essive		mustana	mustina
translative		mustaksi	mustiksi
abessive		mustatta	mustitta
instructive		—	mustin
comitative		—	mustine

Possessive forms of musta (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative mustani mustani accusative nom. mustani mustani gen. mustani genitive mustani mustieni mustaini rare partitive mustaani mustiani inessive mustassani mustissani elative mustastani mustistani illative mustaani mustiini adessive mustallani mustillani ablative mustaltani mustiltani allative mustalleni mustilleni essive mustanani mustinani translative mustakseni mustikseni abessive mustattani mustittani instructive — — comitative — mustineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative mustasi mustasi accusative nom. mustasi mustasi gen. mustasi genitive mustasi mustiesi mustaisi rare partitive mustaasi mustiasi inessive mustassasi mustissasi elative mustastasi mustistasi illative mustaasi mustiisi adessive mustallasi mustillasi ablative mustaltasi mustiltasi allative mustallesi mustillesi essive mustanasi mustinasi translative mustaksesi mustiksesi abessive mustattasi mustittasi instructive — — comitative — mustinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative mustamme mustamme accusative nom. mustamme mustamme gen. mustamme genitive mustamme mustiemme mustaimme rare partitive mustaamme mustiamme inessive mustassamme mustissamme elative mustastamme mustistamme illative mustaamme mustiimme adessive mustallamme mustillamme ablative mustaltamme mustiltamme allative mustallemme mustillemme essive mustanamme mustinamme translative mustaksemme mustiksemme abessive mustattamme mustittamme instructive — — comitative — mustinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative mustanne mustanne accusative nom. mustanne mustanne gen. mustanne genitive mustanne mustienne mustainne rare partitive mustaanne mustianne inessive mustassanne mustissanne elative mustastanne mustistanne illative mustaanne mustiinne adessive mustallanne mustillanne ablative mustaltanne mustiltanne allative mustallenne mustillenne essive mustananne mustinanne translative mustaksenne mustiksenne abessive mustattanne mustittanne instructive — — comitative — mustinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative mustansa mustansa accusative nom. mustansa mustansa gen. mustansa genitive mustansa mustiensa mustainsa rare partitive mustaansa mustiaan mustiansa inessive mustassaan mustassansa mustissaan mustissansa elative mustastaan mustastansa mustistaan mustistansa illative mustaansa mustiinsa adessive mustallaan mustallansa mustillaan mustillansa ablative mustaltaan mustaltansa mustiltaan mustiltansa allative mustalleen mustallensa mustilleen mustillensa essive mustanaan mustanansa mustinaan mustinansa translative mustakseen mustaksensa mustikseen mustiksensa abessive mustattaan mustattansa mustittaan mustittansa instructive — — comitative — mustineen mustinensa

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “colour”): valkoinen

See also

Colors in Finnish · värit (layout · text)

valkoinen	harmaa	musta
punainen; verenpunainen	oranssi; ruskea	keltainen; kermankeltainen, kermanvalkoinen
limetinvihreä	vihreä	mintunvihreä, minttu; tummanvihreä
syaani; sinivihreä	taivaansininen, asuuri	sininen
violetti; indigosini, indigo	magenta; purppura	vaaleanpunainen, pinkki

Noun

musta

1. black (colour)
2. black (person)
3. black horse

Declension

Inflection of musta (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		musta	mustat
genitive		mustan	mustien
partitive		mustaa	mustia
illative		mustaan	mustiin
		singular	plural
nominative		musta	mustat
accusative	nom.	musta	mustat
	gen.	mustan
genitive		mustan	mustien mustain rare
partitive		mustaa	mustia
inessive		mustassa	mustissa
elative		mustasta	mustista
illative		mustaan	mustiin
adessive		mustalla	mustilla
ablative		mustalta	mustilta
allative		mustalle	mustille
essive		mustana	mustina
translative		mustaksi	mustiksi
abessive		mustatta	mustitta
instructive		—	mustin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of musta (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative mustani mustani accusative nom. mustani mustani gen. mustani genitive mustani mustieni mustaini rare partitive mustaani mustiani inessive mustassani mustissani elative mustastani mustistani illative mustaani mustiini adessive mustallani mustillani ablative mustaltani mustiltani allative mustalleni mustilleni essive mustanani mustinani translative mustakseni mustikseni abessive mustattani mustittani instructive — — comitative — mustineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative mustasi mustasi accusative nom. mustasi mustasi gen. mustasi genitive mustasi mustiesi mustaisi rare partitive mustaasi mustiasi inessive mustassasi mustissasi elative mustastasi mustistasi illative mustaasi mustiisi adessive mustallasi mustillasi ablative mustaltasi mustiltasi allative mustallesi mustillesi essive mustanasi mustinasi translative mustaksesi mustiksesi abessive mustattasi mustittasi instructive — — comitative — mustinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative mustamme mustamme accusative nom. mustamme mustamme gen. mustamme genitive mustamme mustiemme mustaimme rare partitive mustaamme mustiamme inessive mustassamme mustissamme elative mustastamme mustistamme illative mustaamme mustiimme adessive mustallamme mustillamme ablative mustaltamme mustiltamme allative mustallemme mustillemme essive mustanamme mustinamme translative mustaksemme mustiksemme abessive mustattamme mustittamme instructive — — comitative — mustinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative mustanne mustanne accusative nom. mustanne mustanne gen. mustanne genitive mustanne mustienne mustainne rare partitive mustaanne mustianne inessive mustassanne mustissanne elative mustastanne mustistanne illative mustaanne mustiinne adessive mustallanne mustillanne ablative mustaltanne mustiltanne allative mustallenne mustillenne essive mustananne mustinanne translative mustaksenne mustiksenne abessive mustattanne mustittanne instructive — — comitative — mustinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative mustansa mustansa accusative nom. mustansa mustansa gen. mustansa genitive mustansa mustiensa mustainsa rare partitive mustaansa mustiaan mustiansa inessive mustassaan mustassansa mustissaan mustissansa elative mustastaan mustastansa mustistaan mustistansa illative mustaansa mustiinsa adessive mustallaan mustallansa mustillaan mustillansa ablative mustaltaan mustaltansa mustiltaan mustiltansa allative mustalleen mustallensa mustilleen mustillensa essive mustanaan mustanansa mustinaan mustinansa translative mustakseen mustaksensa mustikseen mustiksensa abessive mustattaan mustattansa mustittaan mustittansa instructive — — comitative — mustineen mustinensa

Synonyms

• (person): neekeri (pejorative, considered racist), mustaihoinen (neutral)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “colour”): valkoinen
• (antonym(s) of “person”): valkoihoinen

Derived terms

adjectives

• mustahko
• mustis

adverbs

• mustasti

nouns

• mustalainen
• muste
• mustelma
• mustikka
• mustuainen
• mustuus

proper nouns

• Musti

verbs

• mustata
• mustentaa
• musteta
• mustua
• mustuttaa

compounds

• celebesinmusta-apina
• harmaanmusta
• hiilenmusta
• hiilimusta
• keltamusta
• kokomusta
• korpinmusta
• liuskemusta
• mattamusta
• Mussalo
• musta-aavetetra
• musta-antilooppi
• mustadelfiini
• mustaeväkampela
• mustaevämonninen
• mustafrankoliini
• mustahaikara
• mustahammasahven
• mustahapero
• mustahartiaopossumi
• mustaherukka
• mustahevosantilooppi
• mustahuotrakala
• mustahämähäkkiapina
• mustahäntägerbiili
• mustahäntähyppymyyrä
• mustahäntäjänis
• mustahäntäkauris
• mustahäntäpeura
• mustahäntäpreeriakoira
• mustaihoinen
• mustaisoliituri
• mustajalka
• mustajalkagenetti
• mustajalkaherttua-apina
• mustajalkahilleri
• mustajalkakenguru
• mustajalkakissa
• mustajalkamangusti
• mustajalkapuikkija
• mustajalkatylli
• Mustajoki
• mustajoutsen
• mustajuuri
• mustajänis
• Mustajärvi
• mustajättiläisorava
• mustajättiorava
• Mustakallio
• Mustakangas
• mustakappale
• mustakarhu
• mustakaulajoutsen
• mustakaulajänis
• mustakaulakobra
• mustakaulakurki
• mustakaularastas
• mustakaulatamariini
• mustakaulauikku
• mustakirppa
• mustakiuru
• mustakoiso
• mustakondori
• mustakorva-antilooppi
• mustakotka
• mustakottarainen
• mustakulma-albatrossi
• mustakultiainen
• mustakumina
• mustakurkkukerttu
• mustakurkkumurri
• mustakurkkumuura
• mustakurkkurautiainen
• mustakurkku-uikku
• mustalabeo
• Mustalahti
• mustalakkihekko
• mustalammas
• mustalanguri
• mustaleimainen
• mustaleipä
• mustalenkko
• mustalentäväkoira
• mustaleppälintu
• mustaleski
• mustaleukamuura
• mustaliito-orava
• mustalintu
• mustalipeä
• mustaliuske
• mustamaalata
• mustamaija
• mustamaki
• mustamakkara
• mustamamba
• Mustameri
• mustameriahven
• mustamies
• mustamolli
• mustamulta
• mustamuntjakki
• mustamuurahainen
• Mustamäki
• mustamänty
• mustamölyapina
• mustanaamaleijona-apina
• mustanaamaleijonatamariini
• mustanaamasimpanssi
• mustanaamasukeltaja-antilooppi
• mustanaamauakari
• Mustanaamio
• mustaneontetra
• Mustaniemi
• mustankarvainen
• mustankipeä
• Mustanoja
• mustanpuhuva
• mustanäätä
• mustaotsalepinkäinen
• mustapaita
• mustapaitainen
• mustapaku
• mustapapu
• Mustaparta
• mustapartainen
• mustapartasaki
• mustapekka
• mustapippuri
• mustapoppeli
• mustaposkidelfiini
• mustaposkikampela
• mustapuikkija
• mustapukuinen
• mustapussikärppä
• mustapuumuura
• mustapyrstökuiri
• mustapyrstötasku
• mustapyöriäinen
• mustapäinen
• mustapää
• Mustapää
• mustapääkerttu
• mustapäälokki
• mustapääsirkku
• mustapäästäinen
• mustapäätamariini
• mustapäätasku
• mustaraamattu
• mustarastas
• mustarotta
• mustarousku
• mustarumpukala
• mustaruostepyrstö
• mustaruuti
• Mustasaari
• mustasara
• mustaselkämonninen
• mustaselkäpuikkija
• mustaselkäsaki
• mustaselkäsukeltaja-antilooppi
• mustasieluinen
• mustasilmä
• mustasilmäinen
• mustasilmäsusanna
• Mustasilta
• mustasinappi
• mustasiruetana
• mustasukeltaja-antilooppi
• mustasukkainen
• mustatamariini
• mustatasku
• mustaterrieri
• mustatetra
• mustatiira
• mustatinami
• mustatokko
• mustatorvisieni
• mustatukkainen
• mustatumake
• mustatupsuhyppymyyrä
• mustatupsumarmosetti
• mustatupsusilkkiapina
• mustatäplähiipijä
• mustatäpläkettu
• mustavalas
• mustavalkea
• mustavalkoinen
• mustavaris
• mustavatsahedelmälepakko
• mustavatsahekko
• mustaviinimarja
• mustaviklo
• Mustavuori
• nokimusta
• pikimusta
• pikkumusta
• punamusta
• silkinmusta
• sinimusta
• sysimusta
• venäjänmustaterrieri
• yönmusta

Further reading

• “musta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

A variant for minusta.

Pronoun

musta

1. (colloquial, personal) elative singular of mä (minä)

See also

• minusta

Anagrams

• masut, musat, sumat

Ingrian

Musta.

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognates include Finnish musta and Estonian must.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈmustɑ/, [ˈmus̠t]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈmustɑ/, [ˈmuʃtɑ]
• Rhymes: -ust, -ustɑ
• Hyphenation: mus‧ta

Noun

musta

1. black

Adjective

musta (comparative mussemp)

1. black
   • 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:

     Kynnetyn maan päält möö näemmä mustaa, tali harmaata maan päälyst.

     On the ploughed land we see the black, or grey surface of the earth.

Declension

Declension of musta (type 3/koira, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	musta	mussat
genitive	mussan	mustiin
partitive	mustaa	mustia
illative	mustaa	mustii
inessive	mussaas	mussiis
elative	mussast	mussist
allative	mussalle	mussille
adessive	mussaal	mussiil
ablative	mussalt	mussilt
translative	mussaks	mussiks
essive	mustanna, mustaan	mustinna, mustiin
exessive1)	mustant	mustint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Antonyms

• valkia (“white”)

Derived terms

• mussanmaa
• musseta
• Mussikki
• musta leipä
• musta seestara
• musta seestaramarja
• mustalain
• mustapertti
• mustapunain
• mustarästähäin
• Musto
• pikimusta

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 321

Latin

Noun

musta

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of mustum

References

• "musta", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) mustā

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

musta

1. black

Livvi

Alternative forms

• mustu

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

musta

1. black

Noun

musta

1. black

Pipil

Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl mōztla (“tomorrow”)

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ˈmuːsta/
• (Izalco) IPA^(key): /ˈmusta/

Adverb

mūsta

1. tomorrow

   Musta ka peyna tiawit talmukwepat nikan

   Tomorrow in the morning we are going to come back here

Related terms

• wīpta (“day after tomorrow”)
• āshān (“today”)
• yālua (“yesterday”)

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /musˈta/ [mʊsˈt̪a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: mus‧ta

Interjection

mustá (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ) (informal)

1. Clipping of kumusta.