pozwalać
Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From pozwolić + -ać. First attested in the 16th century.[1] Compare Kashubian pòzwôlac, Masurian pozwálacz, and Silesian pozwŏlać.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /pɔˈzva.lat͡ɕ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /pɔˈzvɒ.lat͡ɕ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -alat͡ɕ
- Syllabification: po‧zwa‧lać
Verb edit
pozwalać impf (perfective pozwolić)
- (intransitive) to allow (to give permission; to not obstruct) [+dative = whom] [+ na (accusative) = what], [+infinitive] or [+ żeby (infinitive/past tense) = to do what]
- (intransitive) to permit (to allow legally) [+dative = whom] [+ na (accusative) = what], [+infinitive = to do what]
- (intransitive) to allow, to permit (to cause something to be possible) [+ na (accusative) = what], [+infinitive = to do what]
- Synonym: umożliwiać
- (reflexive with sobie) to allow oneself, to let oneself (to give permission to oneself to do something that might otherwise be considered inappropriate) [+infinitive = to do what] [+ na (accusative) = what]
- (reflexive with sobie) to allow oneself, to let oneself (to do something that one considers they ought to do) [+infinitive = to do what]
- (transitive, obsolete) to grant, to accord, to give [+accusative] or [+genitive]
Conjugation edit
Related terms edit
noun
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pozwalać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 25 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 23 times in essays, 9 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 73 times, making it the 886th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References edit
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pozwalać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “pozwalać”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 426
Further reading edit
- pozwalać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pozwalać sobie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pozwalać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “03.09.2020”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
- Paweł Kupiszewski (03.09.2020) “POZWALAĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “pozwalać”, in Słownik języka polskiego[2]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “pozwalać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[3]
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pozwalać”, in Słownik języka polskiego[4] (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 921
- pozwalać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego