rune

See also: Rune, runë, and runę

English

Anglo-Saxon runes

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun.

Pronunciation

• enPR: ro͞on, IPA^(key): /ɹuːn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːn

Noun

rune (plural runes)

1. A letter, or character, belonging to the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
2. A Finnish or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala.
3. A letter or mark used as mystical or magic symbol.
4. A verse or song, especially one with mystical or mysterious overtones; a spell or an incantation.
   • 1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska 2005, page 15:

     the fiddle sang and sang as ceaselessly as the chanting cicada without, and the frogs intoning their sylvan runes by the waterside.

5. (obsolete) A roun (secret or mystery).
6. (programming) In the Go programming language, a Unicode code point.
   • 2016, Shiju Varghese, Go Recipes, Apress, →ISBN, page 12:

     Go language defines the type rune as an alias for the type int32 to represent a Unicode code point. A string in Go is a sequence of runes.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• bind rune
• moonrune
• runecarver
• runecraft
• runeless
• runelike
• runelore
• runemaster
• rune-rister
• rune-risting

• runesmith
• runestaff
• runestave
• runester
• runestone
• runic
• runography, runographer, runographic
• runology, runologist
• slavrune

Translations

letter or character

• Afrikaans: rune (af)
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Azerbaijani: run (az)
• Bulgarian: руна (bg) f (runa)
• Catalan: runa (ca) f
• Danish: rune (da) c
• Dutch: rune (nl) m or f
• Faroese: rún f
• Finnish: riimu (fi), riimukirjain (fi)
• French: rune (fr) f
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Rune (de) f, Runenbuchstabe m, Runenzeichen (de) n
• Greek: ρούνος m (roúnos)
• Hungarian: rúna (hu)
• Icelandic: rún (is) f
• Irish: rúnscríbhinn f
• Italian: runa (it) f
• Japanese: ルーン文字 (rūn-moji)
• Kazakh: руна (rwna)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} runa (la) f

• Macedonian: руна f (runa)
• Manx: roon
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rune m or f, runestav m, runetegn n

  Nynorsk: rune f, runestav m, runeteikn n

• Occitan: runa f
• Old Norse: rún f
• Polish: runa (pl) f
• Portuguese: runa f
• Proto-Norse: ᚱᚢᚾᛟ f (runo)
• Russian: ру́на (ru) f (rúna)
• Spanish: runa (es) f
• Swedish: runa (sv) c
• Thai: อักษรรูน
• Turkish: rün (tr)
• Uzbek: runa
• Volapük: raunatonat
• Welsh: rŵn m or f, llythyren rwnig f

Finnish or Scandinavian poem

• Finnish: runo (fi)
• Japanese: (poem) 北欧古詩 (hokuō-koshi); (myth) 北欧神話 (hokuō-shinwa)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rune m

mystical letter or mark

• Bulgarian: магически знак (magičeski znak)
• Finnish: mystinen merkki

mystical verse or song

• Finnish: loitsu (fi)

secret or mystery

• Finnish: salaisuus (fi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Japanese: ^{(please verify)} 占星術 (ja) (senseijutsu)

Anagrams

• Nuer, Uren, neur-, urne

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Danish

Noun

rune c (singular definite runen, plural indefinite runer)

1. rune

Declension

Declension of rune

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rune	runen	runer	runerne
genitive	runes	runens	runers	runernes

References

• “rune” in Den Danske Ordbog

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from German Rune, from Old Norse rún.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrynə/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ru‧ne
• Rhymes: -ynə

Noun

rune f (plural runen, diminutive runetje n)

1. rune

Derived terms

• runenschrift
• runenteken

Anagrams

• uren
• urne

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse rún.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁyn/
• Rhymes: -yn

Noun

rune f (plural runes)

1. rune

Derived terms

• runologie

Descendants

• → Turkish: rün

Further reading

• “rune”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ne/
• Rhymes: -une
• Hyphenation: rù‧ne

Noun

rune f

1. plural of runa

Anagrams

• Nure, nure, urne

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *rūna, from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

Noun

rune f

1. (rare) secretive whispering

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “rune (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse rún.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rʉːnə/
• Rhymes: -ʉːnə

Noun

rune f or m (definite singular runa or runen, indefinite plural runer, definite plural runene)

1. rune

References

• “rune” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Anagrams

• uren

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål rune, from Danish rune. Likely an interpretation of Old Norse plural rúnir, whence also runer f pl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rʉːnə/
• Rhymes: -ʉːnə

Noun

rune f (definite singular runa, indefinite plural runer, definite plural runene)

1. rune

Related terms

• runer f pl (“runes”) (< rúnir)
• run f (“witchcraft”)

References

• “rune” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruːne/

Noun

rūne

1. accusative singular of rūn
2. genitive singular of rūn
3. dative singular of rūn
4. nominative plural of rūn
5. accusative plural of rūn

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Serbo-Croatian

Noun

rune (Cyrillic spelling руне)

1. inflection of runa:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural