runa
Bikol Central edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
runâ (Basahan spelling ᜍᜓᜈ)
- Alternative spelling of rona.
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
runa f (plural runes)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Contraction of ruïna.
Noun edit
runa f (plural runes)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “runa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “runa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “runa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “runa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
runa f
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
rūna
- Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
runa f (genitive singular runu, nominative plural runur)
- row, sequence
- Synonym: röð
- string of letters or names, enumeration
- Synonyms: romsa, þula, upptalning
- rigmarole
- (mathematics) series, sequence
Declension edit
Anagrams edit
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
runa f (plural rune)
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension
Declension edit
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rūna | rūnae |
Genitive | rūnae | rūnārum |
Dative | rūnae | rūnīs |
Accusative | rūnam | rūnās |
Ablative | rūnā | rūnīs |
Vocative | rūna | rūnae |
References edit
- “runa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- runa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- runa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
runa f (4th declension)
- speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language)
- runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi ― speech ability, skills, disorders
- runas orgāni, aparāts ― speech organs, apparatus
- iekšēja runa ― internal speech, internal monologue
- ātra runa ― fast speech; a quick question
- izteiksmīga runa ― expressive speech
- runas veids ― way, style of speaking
- bērnu runa ― children's talk
- talk, words (what is said by someone)
- par ko ir runa? — what (are you) talking about?
- par to nevar būt ne runas ― about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question
- ticēt glaimu runām ― to believe flattering words
- runas apklusa ― the talking (= people) became silent
- speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public)
- runas māksla ― the art of speech, oratory
- oratora runa ― the speaker's talk
- apsveikuma runa ― welcome speech
- teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu ― to deliver a speech
- publiskā runa ― public speech
- galda runa ― table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech
- (grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)
- tiešā, netiešā runa ― direct, indirect speech
- (chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk
- tukšas runas ― empty rumors
- kaimiņu runas ― neighbors' talk
- zināt no ļaužu runām ― to know from people's talk, by hearsay
- neklausīties ļaužu runās ― don't listen to people's talk
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “runāt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mapudungun edit
Noun edit
runa (Raguileo spelling)
- a handful
References edit
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Old English edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rūna f
- nominative plural of rūn
- accusative plural of rūn
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old English rūn, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa).
Noun edit
rūna f
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | rūna | rūna |
accusative | rūna | rūna |
genitive | rūna, rūnu, rūno | rūnono |
dative | rūnu, rūno, rūna | rūnon, rūnum, rūnun |
instrumental | — | — |
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse rún (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Noun edit
runa f
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
runa n
- inflection of runo:
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French rune, from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”),[1][2] from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: ru‧na
Noun edit
runa f (plural runas)
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ “runa” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- ^ “runa” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Quechua edit
Noun edit
runa
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | runa | runakuna |
accusative | runata | runakunata |
dative | runaman | runakunaman |
genitive | runap | runakunap |
locative | runapi | runakunapi |
terminative | runakama | runakunakama |
ablative | runamanta | runakunamanta |
instrumental | runawan | runakunawan |
comitative | runantin | runakunantin |
abessive | runannaq | runakunannaq |
comparative | runahina | runakunahina |
causative | runarayku | runakunarayku |
benefactive | runapaq | runakunapaq |
associative | runapura | runakunapura |
distributive | runanka | runakunanka |
exclusive | runalla | runakunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runay | runaykuna |
accusative | runayta | runaykunata |
dative | runayman | runaykunaman |
genitive | runaypa | runaykunap |
locative | runaypi | runaykunapi |
terminative | runaykama | runaykunakama |
ablative | runaymanta | runaykunamanta |
instrumental | runaywan | runaykunawan |
comitative | runaynintin | runaykunantin |
abessive | runayninnaq | runaykunannaq |
comparative | runayhina | runaykunahina |
causative | runayrayku | runaykunarayku |
benefactive | runaypaq | runaykunapaq |
associative | runaypura | runaykunapura |
distributive | runayninka | runaykunanka |
exclusive | runaylla | runaykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runayki | runaykikuna |
accusative | runaykita | runaykikunata |
dative | runaykiman | runaykikunaman |
genitive | runaykipa | runaykikunap |
locative | runaykipi | runaykikunapi |
terminative | runaykikama | runaykikunakama |
ablative | runaykimanta | runaykikunamanta |
instrumental | runaykiwan | runaykikunawan |
comitative | runaykintin | runaykikunantin |
abessive | runaykinnaq | runaykikunannaq |
comparative | runaykihina | runaykikunahina |
causative | runaykirayku | runaykikunarayku |
benefactive | runaykipaq | runaykikunapaq |
associative | runaykipura | runaykikunapura |
distributive | runaykinka | runaykikunanka |
exclusive | runaykilla | runaykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runan | runankuna |
accusative | runanta | runankunata |
dative | runanman | runankunaman |
genitive | runanpa | runankunap |
locative | runanpi | runankunapi |
terminative | runankama | runankunakama |
ablative | runanmanta | runankunamanta |
instrumental | runanwan | runankunawan |
comitative | runanintin | runankunantin |
abessive | runanninnaq | runankunannaq |
comparative | runanhina | runankunahina |
causative | runanrayku | runankunarayku |
benefactive | runanpaq | runankunapaq |
associative | runanpura | runankunapura |
distributive | runaninka | runankunanka |
exclusive | runanlla | runankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runanchik | runanchikkuna |
accusative | runanchikta | runanchikkunata |
dative | runanchikman | runanchikkunaman |
genitive | runanchikpa | runanchikkunap |
locative | runanchikpi | runanchikkunapi |
terminative | runanchikkama | runanchikkunakama |
ablative | runanchikmanta | runanchikkunamanta |
instrumental | runanchikwan | runanchikkunawan |
comitative | runanchiknintin | runanchikkunantin |
abessive | runanchikninnaq | runanchikkunannaq |
comparative | runanchikhina | runanchikkunahina |
causative | runanchikrayku | runanchikkunarayku |
benefactive | runanchikpaq | runanchikkunapaq |
associative | runanchikpura | runanchikkunapura |
distributive | runanchikninka | runanchikkunanka |
exclusive | runanchiklla | runanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runayku | runaykukuna |
accusative | runaykuta | runaykukunata |
dative | runaykuman | runaykukunaman |
genitive | runaykupa | runaykukunap |
locative | runaykupi | runaykukunapi |
terminative | runaykukama | runaykukunakama |
ablative | runaykumanta | runaykukunamanta |
instrumental | runaykuwan | runaykukunawan |
comitative | runaykuntin | runaykukunantin |
abessive | runaykunnaq | runaykukunannaq |
comparative | runaykuhina | runaykukunahina |
causative | runaykurayku | runaykukunarayku |
benefactive | runaykupaq | runaykukunapaq |
associative | runaykupura | runaykukunapura |
distributive | runaykunka | runaykukunanka |
exclusive | runaykulla | runaykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runaykichik | runaykichikkuna |
accusative | runaykichikta | runaykichikkunata |
dative | runaykichikman | runaykichikkunaman |
genitive | runaykichikpa | runaykichikkunap |
locative | runaykichikpi | runaykichikkunapi |
terminative | runaykichikkama | runaykichikkunakama |
ablative | runaykichikmanta | runaykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | runaykichikwan | runaykichikkunawan |
comitative | runaykichiknintin | runaykichikkunantin |
abessive | runaykichikninnaq | runaykichikkunannaq |
comparative | runaykichikhina | runaykichikkunahina |
causative | runaykichikrayku | runaykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | runaykichikpaq | runaykichikkunapaq |
associative | runaykichikpura | runaykichikkunapura |
distributive | runaykichikninka | runaykichikkunanka |
exclusive | runaykichiklla | runaykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | runanku | runankukuna |
accusative | runankuta | runankukunata |
dative | runankuman | runankukunaman |
genitive | runankupa | runankukunap |
locative | runankupi | runankukunapi |
terminative | runankukama | runankukunakama |
ablative | runankumanta | runankukunamanta |
instrumental | runankuwan | runankukunawan |
comitative | runankuntin | runankukunantin |
abessive | runankunnaq | runankukunannaq |
comparative | runankuhina | runankukunahina |
causative | runankurayku | runankukunarayku |
benefactive | runankupaq | runankukunapaq |
associative | runankupura | runankukunapura |
distributive | runankunka | runankukunanka |
exclusive | runankulla | runankukunalla |
Descendants edit
- → Spanish: runa
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rȗna f (Cyrillic spelling ру̑на)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
runa (Cyrillic spelling руна)
References edit
- “runa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Derived from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
runa f (genitive singular runy, nominative plural runy, genitive plural rún, declension pattern of žena)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “runa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2023
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Noun edit
runa f (plural runas)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Quechua runa (“man”).
Noun edit
runa m (plural runas)
- (colloquial, in Quechua communities) man
Etymology 3 edit
Adjective edit
runa
Further reading edit
- “runa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish run, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Noun edit
runa c
Declension edit
Declension of runa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | runa | runan | runor | runorna |
Genitive | runas | runans | runors | runornas |