ruo

See also: ruó, ruò, and ru'o

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

ruo

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Istro-Romanian.

Galician edit

Verb edit

ruo

(reintegrationist norm) first-person singular present indicative of ruar

Latin edit

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.oː/, [ˈruoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.o/, [ˈruːo]

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Italic *rowō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- . Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρούω (oroúō, “hurry”).

Verb edit

ruō (present infinitive ruere, perfect active ruī, supine rutum); third conjugation

to hurry, rush, hasten, move quickly
Synonyms: currō, accurrō, trepidō, festīnō, prōvolō, properō, prōripiō, corripiō, affluō, mātūrō, prōsiliō

Antonyms: retardō, cūnctor, moror, dubitō, prōtrahō, trahō, differō
to collapse, fall down, fall in ruins, topple
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.290:
  “‘Hostis habet mūrōs; ruit altō ā culmine Troia.’”
  [Aeneas recalls Hector’s dire warning:] “‘The enemy holds [our] walls; Troy is toppling down from [her] lofty height.’”
to fail, fall
Synonyms: corruō, cadō, incidō, incurrō, occidō, accidō
to cast down; to hurl to the ground, prostrate
Synonyms: prōsternō, sternō, fundō, prōflīgō

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of ruō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ruō	ruis	ruit	ruimus	ruitis	ruunt
	imperfect	ruēbam	ruēbās	ruēbat	ruēbāmus	ruēbātis	ruēbant
	future	ruam	ruēs	ruet	ruēmus	ruētis	ruent
	perfect	ruī	ruistī	ruit	ruimus	ruistis	ruērunt, ruēre
	pluperfect	rueram	ruerās	ruerat	ruerāmus	ruerātis	ruerant
	future perfect	ruerō	rueris	ruerit	ruerimus	rueritis	ruerint
passive	present	ruor	rueris, ruere	ruitur	ruimur	ruiminī	ruuntur
	imperfect	ruēbar	ruēbāris, ruēbāre	ruēbātur	ruēbāmur	ruēbāminī	ruēbantur
	future	ruar	ruēris, ruēre	ruētur	ruēmur	ruēminī	ruentur
	perfect	rutus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	rutus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	rutus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ruam	ruās	ruat	ruāmus	ruātis	ruant
	imperfect	ruerem	ruerēs	rueret	ruerēmus	ruerētis	ruerent
	perfect	ruerim	ruerīs	ruerit	ruerīmus	ruerītis	ruerint
	pluperfect	ruissem	ruissēs	ruisset	ruissēmus	ruissētis	ruissent
passive	present	ruar	ruāris, ruāre	ruātur	ruāmur	ruāminī	ruantur
	imperfect	ruerer	ruerēris, ruerēre	ruerētur	ruerēmur	ruerēminī	ruerentur
	perfect	rutus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	rutus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	rue	—	—	ruite	—
active	future	—	ruitō	ruitō	—	ruitōte	ruuntō
passive	present	—	ruere	—	—	ruiminī	—
passive	future	—	ruitor	ruitor	—	—	ruuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		ruere	ruisse	ruitūrum esse	ruī	rutum esse	rutum īrī
participles		ruēns	—	ruitūrus	—	rutus	ruendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		ruendī	ruendō	ruendum	ruendō	rutum	rutū

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

French: ruer
Portuguese: ruir
Spanish: ruir
Sardinian: ruere, arrui

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Italic *rowō, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to tear out, dig out”).

Verb edit

ruō (present infinitive ruere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stem

to dig out

Usage notes edit

There has been some confusion between the derivatives of the two verbs.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of ruō (third conjugation, no supine stem, no perfect stem)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ruō	ruis	ruit	ruimus	ruitis	ruunt
	imperfect	ruēbam	ruēbās	ruēbat	ruēbāmus	ruēbātis	ruēbant
	future	ruam	ruēs	ruet	ruēmus	ruētis	ruent
passive	present	ruor	rueris, ruere	ruitur	ruimur	ruiminī	ruuntur
	imperfect	ruēbar	ruēbāris, ruēbāre	ruēbātur	ruēbāmur	ruēbāminī	ruēbantur
	future	ruar	ruēris, ruēre	ruētur	ruēmur	ruēminī	ruentur
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ruam	ruās	ruat	ruāmus	ruātis	ruant
active	imperfect	ruerem	ruerēs	rueret	ruerēmus	ruerētis	ruerent
passive	present	ruar	ruāris, ruāre	ruātur	ruāmur	ruāminī	ruantur
passive	imperfect	ruerer	ruerēris, ruerēre	ruerētur	ruerēmur	ruerēminī	ruerentur
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	rue	—	—	ruite	—
active	future	—	ruitō	ruitō	—	ruitōte	ruuntō
passive	present	—	ruere	—	—	ruiminī	—
passive	future	—	ruitor	ruitor	—	—	ruuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		ruere	—	—	ruī	—	—
participles		ruēns	—	—	—	—	ruendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		ruendī	ruendō	ruendum	ruendō	—	—

Derived terms edit

References edit

“ruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
ruo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be ruined, undone: ad interitum ruere
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 530-1

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

ruo

Nonstandard spelling of ruó.
Nonstandard spelling of ruò.

Usage notes edit

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.