occido

Italian edit

Verb edit

occido

first-person singular present indicative of occidere

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

From ob- (“towards; facing”) +‎ cadō (“I fall”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈok.ki.doː/, [ˈɔkːɪd̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈot.t͡ʃi.do/, [ˈɔtː͡ʃid̪o]

Verb edit

occidō (present infinitive occidere, perfect active occidī, supine occāsum); third conjugation, no passive

(intransitive) to fall down
Synonyms: corruō, cadō, incidō, incurrō, accidō, ruō

Antonym: orior
(intransitive, of heavenly bodies) to go down, set
- (Can we date this quote?), Gaius Valerius Catullus, Catullus 5, line 4:
  Sōlēs occidere et redīre possunt.
  Suns are able to set and to return.
(intransitive) to perish, die, pass away
Synonyms: morior, pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, exspīrō, discēdō, dēficiō
(intransitive) to be lost, undone or ruined

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of occidō (third conjugation, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	occidō	occidis	occidit	occidimus	occiditis	occidunt
	imperfect	occidēbam	occidēbās	occidēbat	occidēbāmus	occidēbātis	occidēbant
	future	occidam	occidēs	occidet	occidēmus	occidētis	occident
	perfect	occidī	occidistī	occidit	occidimus	occidistis	occidērunt, occidēre
	pluperfect	occideram	occiderās	occiderat	occiderāmus	occiderātis	occiderant
	future perfect	occiderō	occideris	occiderit	occiderimus	occideritis	occiderint
	sigmatic future¹	occīsō	occīsis	occīsit	occīsimus	occīsitis	occīsint
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	occidam	occidās	occidat	occidāmus	occidātis	occidant
	imperfect	occiderem	occiderēs	occideret	occiderēmus	occiderētis	occiderent
	perfect	occiderim	occiderīs	occiderit	occiderīmus	occiderītis	occiderint
	pluperfect	occidissem	occidissēs	occidisset	occidissēmus	occidissētis	occidissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	occīsim	occīsīs	occīsīt	occīsīmus	occīsītis	occīsint
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	occide	—	—	occidite	—
active	future	—	occiditō	occiditō	—	occiditōte	occiduntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		occidere	occidisse	occāsūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		occidēns	—	occāsūrus	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		occidendī	occidendō	occidendum	occidendō	occāsum	occāsū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Some Old Latin extant locutions had "sol occasus", i.e. "sunset".

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From ob- (“towards; facing”) +‎ caedō (“I cut”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /okˈkiː.doː/, [ɔkˈkiːd̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /otˈt͡ʃi.do/, [otˈt͡ʃiːd̪o]

Verb edit

occīdō (present infinitive occīdere, perfect active occīdī, supine occīsum); third conjugation

(transitive) to fell, cut to the ground; beat, smash, crush
(transitive) to cut off, kill, slay, slaughter
Synonyms: necō, caedō, interficiō, trucīdō, tollō, peragō, percutiō, interimō, perimō, iugulō, obtruncō, cōnficiō, ēnecō, sōpiō, dēiciō, absūmō, cōnsūmō
(transitive, by extension) to plague to death, torture, torment, pester
Synonyms: turbō, perturbō, sollicitō, agitō, angō, disturbō, ēvertō, peragō, concitō, moveō, agō, versō, ūrō

Antonym: cōnsōlor
(transitive, by extension) to ruin, undo, bring about the ruin of
Synonyms: ruīnō, diruo, aboleō, dēstruō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, perdō, exscindō, tollo, accido, populor, sepeliō, perimō, interimō, trucīdō, absūmō, impellō

Antonyms: ēmendō, reficiō, reparō, corrigō, medeor

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of occīdō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	occīdō	occīdis	occīdit	occīdimus	occīditis	occīdunt
	imperfect	occīdēbam	occīdēbās	occīdēbat	occīdēbāmus	occīdēbātis	occīdēbant
	future	occīdam	occīdēs	occīdet	occīdēmus	occīdētis	occīdent
	perfect	occīdī	occīdistī	occīdit	occīdimus	occīdistis	occīdērunt, occīdēre
	pluperfect	occīderam	occīderās	occīderat	occīderāmus	occīderātis	occīderant
	future perfect	occīderō	occīderis	occīderit	occīderimus	occīderitis	occīderint
passive	present	occīdor	occīderis, occīdere	occīditur	occīdimur	occīdiminī	occīduntur
	imperfect	occīdēbar	occīdēbāris, occīdēbāre	occīdēbātur	occīdēbāmur	occīdēbāminī	occīdēbantur
	future	occīdar	occīdēris, occīdēre	occīdētur	occīdēmur	occīdēminī	occīdentur
	perfect	occīsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	occīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	occīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	occīdam	occīdās	occīdat	occīdāmus	occīdātis	occīdant
	imperfect	occīderem	occīderēs	occīderet	occīderēmus	occīderētis	occīderent
	perfect	occīderim	occīderīs	occīderit	occīderīmus	occīderītis	occīderint
	pluperfect	occīdissem	occīdissēs	occīdisset	occīdissēmus	occīdissētis	occīdissent
passive	present	occīdar	occīdāris, occīdāre	occīdātur	occīdāmur	occīdāminī	occīdantur
	imperfect	occīderer	occīderēris, occīderēre	occīderētur	occīderēmur	occīderēminī	occīderentur
	perfect	occīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	occīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	occīde	—	—	occīdite	—
active	future	—	occīditō	occīditō	—	occīditōte	occīduntō
passive	present	—	occīdere	—	—	occīdiminī	—
passive	future	—	occīditor	occīditor	—	—	occīduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		occīdere	occīdisse	occīsūrum esse	occīdī	occīsum esse	occīsum īrī
participles		occīdēns	—	occīsūrus	—	occīsus	occīdendus, occīdundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		occīdendī	occīdendō	occīdendum	occīdendō	occīsum	occīsū

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Aromanian: utsid, utsidiri
Catalan: occir
French: occire
Italian: uccidere
Neapolitan: accidere
Norman: occi (Jersey)
Occitan: aucire, aucir
Old Occitan: aucir, aucire
Old Spanish: occidir
Romanian: ucide, ucidere
Sardinian: bocchiere, bocchidere, occhidere, occhiere
Sicilian: accìdiri

References edit

“occidō”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“occīdō”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“occido”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
occido in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the sun rises, sets: sol oritur, occidit
- (ambiguous) to be situate to the north-west: spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones