sacudir

Galician

Alternative forms

• sacodir, secudir

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sacudir, from Latin succutere, present active infinitive of succutiō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sakuˈðiɾ]

Verb

sacudir (first-person singular present sacudo, third-person singular present sacode, first-person singular preterite sacudín, past participle sacudido)
sacudir (first-person singular present sacudo, third-person singular present sacode, first-person singular preterite sacudim or sacudi, past participle sacudido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to shake, shake off, knock down
   • 1421, J. García Oro (ed.), "Viveiro en los siglos XIV y XV. La Colección Diplomática de Santo Domingo de Viveiro", Estudios Mindonienses, 3, page 74:

     Iten mando Maria Afonso, moller de Juan do Souto, o foro da vinna que lavra Afonso Dias de Chavin, o vello, e o souto de Junqueyra que ajo con Juan Gommes, fillo de Roy Gommes, que foy de que me ha de dar a meatade, sacudido e colleyto enna corripa

     Item, I left María Afonso, wife of Xoán de Souto, the contract of the vineyard which is worked by Diaz de Chavín, the old, and the orchard of chestnuts at Xunqueira, which I have together with Xoán Gómez, son of the late Roi Gómez; and she shall give me half of it [of the chestnuts], knocked down and collected in the chestnut deposit

   Synonym: escudir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sacudir (u-o alternation in present singular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sacudir
Personal	sacudir	sacudires	sacudir	sacudirmos	sacudirdes	sacudiren
Gerund
	sacudindo
Past participle
Masculine	sacudido			sacudidos
Feminine	sacudida			sacudidas
Indicative
Present	sacudo	sacodes	sacode	sacudimos	sacudides	sacoden
Imperfect	sacudía	sacudías	sacudía	sacudiamos	sacudiades	sacudían
Preterite	sacudín	sacudiches	sacudiu	sacudimos	sacudistes	sacudiron
Pluperfect	sacudira	sacudiras	sacudira	sacudiramos	sacudirades	sacudiran
Future	sacudirei	sacudirás	sacudirá	sacudiremos	sacudiredes	sacudirán
Conditional	sacudiría	sacudirías	sacudiría	sacudiriamos	sacudiriades	sacudirían
Subjunctive
Present	sacuda	sacudas	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudades	sacudan
Imperfect	sacudise	sacudises	sacudise	sacudísemos	sacudísedes	sacudisen
Future	sacudir	sacudires	sacudir	sacudirmos	sacudirdes	sacudiren
Imperative
Affirmative		sacude	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudide	sacudan
Negative (non)		non sacudas	non sacuda	non sacudamos	non sacudades	non sacudan

    Reintegrated conjugation of sacudir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sacudir
Personal	sacudir	sacudires	sacudir	sacudirmos	sacudirdes	sacudirem
Gerund
	sacudindo
Past participle
Masculine	sacudido			sacudidos
Feminine	sacudida			sacudidas
Indicative
Present	sacudo	sacodes	sacode	sacudimos	sacudides, sacudis	sacodem
Imperfect	sacudia	sacudias	sacudia	sacudíamos	sacudíades, sacudíeis, sacudíais1	sacudiam
Preterite	sacudim, sacudi	sacudiste, sacudiche1	sacudiu	sacudimos	sacudistes	sacudírom, sacudiram
Pluperfect	sacudira	sacudiras	sacudira	sacudíramos	sacudírades, sacudíreis, sacudírais1	sacudiram
Future	sacudirei	sacudirás	sacudirá	sacudiremos	sacudiredes, sacudireis	sacudirám, sacudirão
Conditional	sacudiria	sacudirias	sacudiria	sacudiríamos	sacudiríades, sacudiríeis, sacudiríais1	sacudiriam
Subjunctive
Present	sacuda	sacudas	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudades, sacudais	sacudam
Imperfect	sacudisse	sacudisses	sacudisse	sacudíssemos	sacudíssedes, sacudísseis	sacudissem
Future	sacudir	sacudires	sacudir	sacudirmos	sacudirdes	sacudirem
Imperative
Affirmative		sacode	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudide, sacudi	sacudam
Negative (nom)		nom sacudas	nom sacuda	nom sacudamos	nom sacudades, nom sacudais	nom sacudam

¹Less recommended.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sacudir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “sacud”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sacudir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “sacudir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sacudir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sacudir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sacudir, from Latin succutere.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /sa.kuˈd͡ʒi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɐ.kuˈdiɾ/ [sɐ.kuˈðiɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɐ.kuˈdiɾ/ [sɐ.kuˈðiɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɐ.kuˈdi.ɾi/ [sɐ.kuˈði.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: sa‧cu‧dir

Verb

sacudir (first-person singular present sacudo, third-person singular present sacode, first-person singular preterite sacudi, past participle sacudido)

1. to shake, jolt, jar, jog
2. to flip, toss

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sacudir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sacudir
Personal	sacudir	sacudires	sacudir	sacudirmos	sacudirdes	sacudirem
Gerund
	sacudindo
Past participle
Masculine	sacudido			sacudidos
Feminine	sacudida			sacudidas
Indicative
Present	sacudo	sacodes	sacode	sacudimos	sacudis	sacodem
Imperfect	sacudia	sacudias	sacudia	sacudíamos	sacudíeis	sacudiam
Preterite	sacudi	sacudiste	sacudiu	sacudimos	sacudistes	sacudiram
Pluperfect	sacudira	sacudiras	sacudira	sacudíramos	sacudíreis	sacudiram
Future	sacudirei	sacudirás	sacudirá	sacudiremos	sacudireis	sacudirão
Conditional	sacudiria	sacudirias	sacudiria	sacudiríamos	sacudiríeis	sacudiriam
Subjunctive
Present	sacuda	sacudas	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudais	sacudam
Imperfect	sacudisse	sacudisses	sacudisse	sacudíssemos	sacudísseis	sacudissem
Future	sacudir	sacudires	sacudir	sacudirmos	sacudirdes	sacudirem
Imperative
Affirmative		sacode	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudi	sacudam
Negative (não)		não sacudas	não sacuda	não sacudamos	não sacudais	não sacudam

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish sacudir, from earlier sacodir, with dissimilation from socodir, from Latin succutere, whence English succussion.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sakuˈdiɾ/ [sa.kuˈð̞iɾ]

• Audio (Venezuela):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: sa‧cu‧dir

Verb

sacudir (first-person singular present sacudo, first-person singular preterite sacudí, past participle sacudido)

1. to shake off, dust
2. to shake
3. to shake (the head, to give a negative response)
4. to nod (the head, to give a positive response)
5. to jolt

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sacudir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			sacudir
gerund			sacudiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sacudido		sacudida
		plural		sacudidos		sacudidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sacudo	sacudestú sacudísvos	sacude	sacudimos	sacudís	sacuden
	imperfect	sacudía	sacudías	sacudía	sacudíamos	sacudíais	sacudían
	preterite	sacudí	sacudiste	sacudió	sacudimos	sacudisteis	sacudieron
	future	sacudiré	sacudirás	sacudirá	sacudiremos	sacudiréis	sacudirán
	conditional	sacudiría	sacudirías	sacudiría	sacudiríamos	sacudiríais	sacudirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sacuda	sacudastú sacudásvos2	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudáis	sacudan
	imperfect (ra)	sacudiera	sacudieras	sacudiera	sacudiéramos	sacudierais	sacudieran
	imperfect (se)	sacudiese	sacudieses	sacudiese	sacudiésemos	sacudieseis	sacudiesen
	future1	sacudiere	sacudieres	sacudiere	sacudiéremos	sacudiereis	sacudieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		sacudetú sacudívos	sacuda	sacudamos	sacudid	sacudan
	negative		no sacudas	no sacuda	no sacudamos	no sacudáis	no sacudan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of sacudir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive sacudir
	dative	sacudirme	sacudirte	sacudirle, sacudirse	sacudirnos	sacudiros	sacudirles, sacudirse
	accusative	sacudirme	sacudirte	sacudirlo, sacudirla, sacudirse	sacudirnos	sacudiros	sacudirlos, sacudirlas, sacudirse
with gerund sacudiendo
	dative	sacudiéndome	sacudiéndote	sacudiéndole, sacudiéndose	sacudiéndonos	sacudiéndoos	sacudiéndoles, sacudiéndose
	accusative	sacudiéndome	sacudiéndote	sacudiéndolo, sacudiéndola, sacudiéndose	sacudiéndonos	sacudiéndoos	sacudiéndolos, sacudiéndolas, sacudiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sacude
	dative	sacúdeme	sacúdete	sacúdele	sacúdenos	not used	sacúdeles
	accusative	sacúdeme	sacúdete	sacúdelo, sacúdela	sacúdenos	not used	sacúdelos, sacúdelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sacudí
	dative	sacudime	sacudite	sacudile	sacudinos	not used	sacudiles
	accusative	sacudime	sacudite	sacudilo, sacudila	sacudinos	not used	sacudilos, sacudilas
with formal second-person singular imperative sacuda
	dative	sacúdame	not used	sacúdale, sacúdase	sacúdanos	not used	sacúdales
	accusative	sacúdame	not used	sacúdalo, sacúdala, sacúdase	sacúdanos	not used	sacúdalos, sacúdalas
with first-person plural imperative sacudamos
	dative	not used	sacudámoste	sacudámosle	sacudámonos	sacudámoos	sacudámosles
	accusative	not used	sacudámoste	sacudámoslo, sacudámosla	sacudámonos	sacudámoos	sacudámoslos, sacudámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sacudid
	dative	sacudidme	not used	sacudidle	sacudidnos	sacudíos	sacudidles
	accusative	sacudidme	not used	sacudidlo, sacudidla	sacudidnos	sacudíos	sacudidlos, sacudidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative sacudan
	dative	sacúdanme	not used	sacúdanle	sacúdannos	not used	sacúdanles, sacúdanse
	accusative	sacúdanme	not used	sacúdanlo, sacúdanla	sacúdannos	not used	sacúdanlos, sacúdanlas, sacúdanse

Derived terms

• sacudida
• sacudir de encima
• sacudón

 

Further reading

• “sacudir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014