桓

桓 U+6853, 桓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6853 ← 桒 [U+6852] CJK Unified Ideographs 桔 → [U+6854]

Translingual

Han character

桓 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木一日一 (DMAM), four-corner 4191₆, composition ⿰木亘)

Derived characters

• 𦶙, 𭗁, 𨕹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14774
• Dae Jaweon: page 915, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1195, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6853

Chinese

simp. and trad.		桓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桓
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
烜	*qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ
貆	*qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘	*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ
狟	*ɡoːn
絙	*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
荁	*ɡoːn
宣	*sqʰon
咺	*qʰonʔ
暅	*qʰonʔ
桓	*ɡʷaːn
洹	*ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan
揎	*sqʰʷan
愃	*sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
瑄	*sqʰʷan
渲	*sqʰʷans
喧	*qʰʷan
萱	*qʰʷan
暄	*qʰʷan
諠	*qʰʷan
翧	*qʰʷan
蝖	*qʰʷan
垣	*ɢʷan
楦	*qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːn) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亘 ()

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huán (huan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang² / huong²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ / huêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huán
    • Wade–Giles: huan²
    • Yale: hwán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
    • Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wun⁴
    • Yale: wùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
    • Tâi-lô: huân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁵ / huêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• huang5 - Shantou;
• huêng5 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: hwan

Rime
Character	桓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡官切
Baxter	hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwan/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑn/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤar/, /*ɦʷˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	桓	桓
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huán	huán
Middle Chinese	‹ hwan ›	‹ hwan ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁar/	/*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English	pillar; martial-looking	烏桓 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	桓
Reading #	1/1
No.	14004
Phonetic component	亘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	桓
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

桓

1. Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi)
2. (obsolete) pillar used as a signpost
3. mighty; martial; large
4. Used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán).
5. a surname

Compounds

• 三桓
• 桓文
• 桓桓
• 桓殷危語
• 桓表
• 槃桓 (pánhuán)
• 漢桓帝／汉桓帝
• 烏桓／乌桓 (Wūhuán)
• 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
• 盤桓髻／盘桓髻
• 磐桓 (pánhuán)
• 般桓
• 釋提桓因／释提桓因 (Shìtíhuányīn)
• 齊桓公／齐桓公

 

References

• “桓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “桓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

Kanji

桓

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)

Korean

Hanja

桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

桓: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

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