坦

Translingual edit

Han character edit

坦 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土日一 (GAM), four-corner 4611₀, composition ⿰土旦)

Derived characters edit

𢯟, 𥂯

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		坦
alternative forms		憻

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
皽	tjaʀ, tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	daːn, daːn
疸	taːnʔ, taːns
觛	taːnʔ, taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	taːnʔ, tʰaːn, *djans
笪	taːnʔ, taːns, *taːd
狚	taːnʔ, taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	tʰaːn, rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	daːn, daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	daːn, djan
驙	daːn, tan
袒	daːnʔ, rdeːns
襢	daːnʔ, tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	daːns, djan
邅	tan, danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	tjan, tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	taːd, ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	taːd, tjad
炟	*taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːnʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǎn (tan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taan²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thán
Eastern Min (BUC): tāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thán / tháⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): tang²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵the

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǎn
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan³
  - Yale: tǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taan
  - Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taan²
  - Yale: táan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thán
  - Hakka Romanization System: tan`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tan³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰan³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thán
  - Tâi-lô: thán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tarn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tʰan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tháⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰã⁵³/

Note:

thán - literary;
tháⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tang²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tháng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵²/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵the
  - MiniDict: the^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²the
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰe³⁴/

Middle Chinese: thanX

Rime
Character	坦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他旦切
Baxter	thanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan^X/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn^X/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tʰ]ˤa[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ than^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[tʰ]ˁa[n]ʔ/
English	level, at ease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坦
Reading #	1/1
No.	2059
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	坦
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːnʔ/

Definitions edit

坦

^⁜ flat; level; wide
平坦 ― píngtǎn ― level
^⁜ calm; open-hearted; at ease
坦然 ― tǎnrán ― calm
- 子曰：「君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ tǎn dàngdàng, xiǎorén cháng qīqī.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
^⁜ honest; frank
坦白 ― tǎnbái ― honest; candid

Synonym: 直率 (zhíshuài)
^† to reveal; to expose
- 坦腹江亭暖，長吟野望時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  坦腹江亭暖，长吟野望时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 杜甫 (Du Fu) 《江亭》
  Tǎn fù jiāng tíng nuǎn, cháng yín yě wàng shí. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
a surname

Compounds edit

不舒坦
令坦
伊斯坦堡 (Yīsītǎnbǎo)
伯恩斯坦 (Bó'ēnsītǎn)
佩斯坦
博斯坦 (Bósītǎn)
反坦克炮
坦克 (tǎnkè)
坦克兵
坦克車／坦克车 (tǎnkèchē)
坦坦
坦坦蕩蕩／坦坦荡荡
坦塗／坦涂
坦夷
坦尚尼亞／坦尚尼亚 (Tǎnshàngníyà)
坦平 (tǎnpíng)
坦懷／坦怀
坦承 (tǎnchéng)
坦易
坦然 (tǎnrán)
坦率 (tǎnshuài)
坦白 (tǎnbái)
坦直
坦緩／坦缓
坦腹
坦腹東床／坦腹东床
坦蕩／坦荡 (tǎndàng)
坦蕩蕩／坦荡荡
坦言 (tǎnyán)
坦誠／坦诚 (tǎnchéng)
坦迤
坦途 (tǎntú)
坦露
墩闊坦／墩阔坦 (Dūnkuòtǎn)
小坦山 (Xiǎotǎnshān)
巴力斯坦 (Bālìsītǎn)
巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn)
巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn)
平坦 (píngtǎn)
平坦大路
平坦寬闊／平坦宽阔
愛因斯坦／爱因斯坦 (Àiyīnsītǎn)
斯坦因
斯坦貝克／斯坦贝克
曼哈坦島／曼哈坦岛
東坦蕭然／东坦萧然
東床坦腹／东床坦腹
泰坦族
波茨坦 (Bōcítǎn)
興都斯坦／兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)
舒坦
襟懷坦白／襟怀坦白 (jīnhuáitǎnbái)

References edit

“坦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

坦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

flat; level; even

Readings edit

Go-on: たん (tan)
Kan-on: たん (tan)
Kun: たいら (taira, 坦ら)
Nanori: しずか (shizuka); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ひろむ (hiromu); やす (yasu); ゆたか (yutaka)

Compounds edit

Compounds

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 坦 (MC thanX).

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

坦

Wikisource

坦 (eumhun 평평할 탄 (pyeongpyeonghal tan))

Hanja form^? of 탄 (“flat; level; even”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

탄도 (坦道, tando)
탄회 (坦懷, tanhoe)
순탄 (順坦, suntan)
평탄 (平坦, pyeongtan)

References edit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

坦: Hán Việt readings: thản (儻(thảng)旱(hạn)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], thán^[5]
坦: Nôm readings: đứt^[1]^[2]^[3]^[6]^[4]^[5]^[7], đất^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[7], đắt^[2]^[3]^[6]^[4]^[5]^[7], thản^[2]^[6]^[4], đác^[1], đởn^[1], thán^[1], đắn^[2], đật^[3], ngẩn^[3], thưỡn^[3]

Etymology 1 edit

Affix edit

坦 (thản)

chữ Hán form of thản (“flat; level; wide”).
chữ Hán form of thản (“calm; pleasant”).

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

坦然 (thản nhiên)
平坦 (bình thản)

Etymology 2 edit

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 怛 (đát). The 旦 element is a simplified form of 怛.

Noun edit

坦 • (đất)

Nôm form of đất (“earth; soil; dirt”).
Nôm form of đất (“land”).

Alternative forms edit

𡐙 (đất),^[3] 待 (đất)^[3]

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

坦 • (đứt)

Nôm form of đứt (“to break off; to be cut off”).

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Hồ (1976).

[taberd-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

坦

Contents

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Derived characters edit

Further reading edit

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Korean edit

Etymology edit

Hanja edit

Compounds edit

References edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

Etymology 1 edit

Affix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Glyph origin edit

Noun edit

Alternative forms edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

References edit