壇

See also: 坛 and 𡊨

壇 U+58C7, 壇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58C7 ← 壆 [U+58C6] CJK Unified Ideographs 壈 → [U+58C8]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

壇 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 土卜田一 (GYWM), four-corner 4011₆, composition ⿰土亶)

1. altar
2. arena, examination hall

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5528
• Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 492, character 12
• Unihan data for U+58C7

Chinese

trad.		壇
simp.		坛*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皽	*tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	*daːn, *daːn
疸	*taːnʔ, *taːns
觛	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	*taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans
笪	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
狚	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	*tʰaːn, *rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	*daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	*daːn, *djan
驙	*daːn, *tan
袒	*daːnʔ, *rdeːns
襢	*daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	*daːns, *djan
邅	*tan, *danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	*tjan, *tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	*taːd, *ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	*taːd, *tjad
炟	*taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn) : semantic 土 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tán (tan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàn
• Northern Min (KCR): dǔing
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tân / thân / tôaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): duan⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶de

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tán
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tán
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan²
    • Yale: tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: taan⁴
    • Yale: tàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: tanˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tan²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǔing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuiŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tân
    • Tâi-lô: tân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tan²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thân
    • Tâi-lô: thân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan¹³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /tʰan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tuânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tuã²⁴/

Note:

• tân/thân - literary;
• tôaⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: duan⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuâⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tũã⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶de
    • MiniDict: de^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³de
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dan

Rime
Character	壇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒干切
Baxter	dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dan/
Li Rong	/dɑn/
Wang Li	/dɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]anʔ/, /*[d]ˤan/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壇	壇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàn	tán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyenX ›	‹ dan ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]anʔ/	/*[d]ˁan/
English	leveled area	altar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壇
Reading #	1/1
No.	2063
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	壇
Old Chinese	/*daːn/

Definitions

壇

1. altar (Classifier: 座)

   中華世紀壇／中华世纪坛  ―  zhōnghuá shìjì tán  ―  China Millennium Monument

   • 北宮奢為衛靈公賦斂以為鐘，為壇乎國門之外，三月而成上下之縣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     北宫奢为卫灵公赋敛以为钟，为坛乎国门之外，三月而成上下之县。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Běigōng Shē wèi Wèi Línggōng fùliǎn yǐ wèi zhōng, wèi tán hū guómén zhī wài, sān yuè ér chéng shàngxià zhī xiàn. [Pinyin]

     Beigong She was collecting taxes for Duke Ling of Wei in order to make a set of bells. He built a platform outside the gate of the outer wall, and in the space of three months the bells were completed, both the upper and lower tiers.

2. raised plot of land for planting flowers, etc.

   花壇／花坛  ―  huātán  ―  raised flowerbed

3. forum; place for giving lectures or speeches

   論壇／论坛  ―  lùntán  ―  forum

4. circles

   文壇／文坛  ―  wéntán  ―  literary circles

   體壇／体坛  ―  tǐtán  ―  sports world

5. (Cantonese) Classifier for affairs or matters.

Compounds

• 七星壇／七星坛
• 乩壇／乩坛
• 仙壇／仙坛
• 六祖壇經／六祖坛经 (Liùzǔ Tánjīng)
• 名壇／名坛
• 吟壇／吟坛
• 壇兆／坛兆
• 壇坫／坛坫
• 壇坫週旋／坛坫周旋
• 壇場／坛场 (tánchǎng)
• 壇宇／坛宇
• 天壇／天坛 (Tiāntán)
• 尼壇／尼坛
• 影壇／影坛 (yǐngtán)
• 戒壇／戒坛
• 打沒頭壇／打没头坛 (dǎmòtóután)
• 政壇／政坛 (zhèngtán)
• 文壇／文坛 (wéntán)
• 杏壇／杏坛 (xìngtán)
• 棒壇／棒坛
• 榕壇問業／榕坛问业
• 樂壇／乐坛 (yuètán)
• 模網論壇／模网论坛
• 歌壇／歌坛 (gētán)
• 泳壇／泳坛 (yǒngtán)
• 泰壇／泰坛
• 法壇／法坛
• 海壇／海坛 (Hǎitán)
• 畫壇／画坛 (huàtán)
• 登壇／登坛 (dēngtán)
• 登壇拜將／登坛拜将
• 碑壇／碑坛
• 神壇／神坛 (shéntán)
• 神農壇／神农坛 (Shénnóngtán)
• 祭壇／祭坛 (jìtán)
• 築壇／筑坛
• 築壇拜將／筑坛拜将
• 籃壇／篮坛 (lántán)
• 經壇／经坛
• 網路論壇／网路论坛
• 線上論壇／线上论坛
• 花壇／花坛 (huātán)
• 花壇鄉／花坛乡
• 菊壇／菊坛
• 藝壇／艺坛 (yìtán)
• 詩壇／诗坛
• 論壇／论坛 (lùntán)
• 論壇區／论坛区
• 講壇／讲坛 (jiǎngtán)
• 議壇／议坛
• 趙玄壇／赵玄坛
• 郊壇／郊坛
• 郊壇下窯／郊坛下窑
• 醮壇／醮坛
• 雩壇／雩坛
• 電子論壇／电子论坛
• 韓信登壇／韩信登坛
• 體壇／体坛 (tǐtán)
• 齋壇／斋坛

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (壇):

• → Japanese: 壇(だん) (dan)
• → Korean: 단(壇) (dan)

References

• “壇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	壇
Kyūjitai	壇󠄂 壇+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

壇

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. podium, stage, rostrum, terrace

Readings

• Go-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: たいら (taira, 壇); ところ (tokoro, 壇); ば (ba, 壇)

Proper noun

壇(だん) • (Dan) 

1. a surname

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠n]
• Phonetic hangul: [단]

Hanja

Wikisource

壇 (eumhun 제단 단 (jedan dan))

1. Hanja form^? of 제 (“altar”).

Compounds

• 제단 (祭壇, jedan, “altar”)

Vietnamese

Han character

壇: Hán Nôm readings: đàn, đường

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.