目

See also 且, 自, 耳, 貝, 見, and 罒

Translingual

Stroke order
目-order.gif

Etymology

Pictogram (象形): stylized depiction of the human eye, rotated 90 degrees. Compare the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.

目 目 目 目
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script

Han character

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See images of
Radical 109 目

目 (radical 109 目+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月山 (BU), four-corner 60101)

  1. eye
  2. look, see
  3. division, topic, (biology) order

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 798, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23105
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1213, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2467, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+76EE
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Cantonese

Hanzi

目 (jyutping muk6, Yale muk6)

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Hakka

Hanzi

目 (POJ muk, Guangdong muk7, muk8; muk7 [Dongguan], Hagfa Pinyim mug5, mug6)

References

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Japanese

Kanji

目 (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Old Japanese. Older, unbound form of 目 (me2). Cognate with 見る (miru, “to see”). Never found in isolation in modern Japanese. Remains as the first syllable of various compounds.

Noun

目 (hiragana ま, romaji ma)

  1. (anatomy) eye
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 眼間 (まなかい, manakai): between one's eyes
  • 眉 (まみえ, mamie): eyebrow
  • 眉 (まゆ, mayu): eyebrow
  • 眼差し (まなざし, manazashi): a look, gaze
  • 血眼 (ちまなこ, chimanako): bloodshot eyes
  • 目深 (まぶか, mabuka): wearing low over one's eyes
  • 団栗眼 (どんぐりまなこ, donguri manako): goggle-eyes (acorn-eyes)
  • 目の当たり (まのあたり, ma no atari): just before one's eyes
  • 寝惚け眼 (ねぼけまなこ, neboke manako): sleepy eyes

Etymology 2

/me2/ *[məj] > /me/ [me]. Compound of 目 (ma, unbound form) +‎ い (i, emphatic nominal particle). Now the modern Japanese term for eye.

Alternative forms

Noun

目 (hiragana め, romaji me)

  1. (anatomy) eye
    目がかゆいです。
    めがかゆいです。
    Me ga kayui desu.
    My eyes feel itchy.
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 目玉 (めだま, medama): eyeball
  • 盲 (めくら, mekura): blindness
  • 横目 (よこめ, yokome): sidelong glance
  • 雪目 (ゆきめ, yukime): snow blindness
  • 茶目 (ちゃめ, chame): playfulness
  • 生真面目 (きまじめ, kimajime): person who is too serious
  • 近眼 (ちかめ, chikame): nearsightedness
  • 眼鏡 (めがね, megane): glasses
  • 目付き (めつき, metsuki): look, expression of the eyes
  • 片目 (かため, katame): one eye
  • 血眼 (ちめ, chime): bloodshot eyes
  • 遠眼鏡 (とおめがね, tōmegane): a telescope
  • 黒眼鏡 (くろめがね, kuromegane): sunglasses, dark glasses
  • 黒目 (くろめ, kurome): a black iris, an eye with large pupils or irises
  • 色眼鏡 (いろめがね, iromegane): colored glasses
  • 虫眼鏡 (むしめがね, mushimegane): a magnifying glass
  • 猫目石 (ねこめいし, nekomeishi): a cat's eye (jewel)
  • 目脂 (めやに, meyani): eye gunk
  • 目尻 (めじり, mejiri): the corner of an eye
  • 眼医者 (めいしゃ, meisha): an eye doctor
  • 眼鏡屋 (めがねや, meganeya): an optician
  • 眼鏡橋 (めがねばし, meganebashi): an arched bridge
  • 赤目 (あかめ, akame): red eyes

Suffix

目 (hiragana め, romaji me)

  1. -st, -nd, -rd, or -th, for ordinal numbers (e.g. 8th or eighth, 9th or ninth)
    三本目のボトル
    さんぼんめのボトル
    san bon me no botoru
    third bottle

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 目. Go'on, so likely an older borrowed reading. Compare modern Cantonese /muk⁶/, or modern Wu /mʊ̆ʔ¹²/

Noun

目 (hiragana もく, romaji moku)

  1. (biology) an order in biology: smaller than a class, bigger than a family
  2. a playing piece in a board game, a stone in the game of go
  3. a point in the game of go
Derived terms
Derived terms

Verb

目 + する (irregular conjugation, hiragana もくする, romaji moku suru)目する 目 suru

  1. to regard, to look upon
  2. to see, to look (uncommon)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "目する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms Imperfective (未然形) 目し もくし moku shi
Continuative (連用形) 目し もくし moku shi
Terminal (終止形) 目する もくする moku suru
Attributive (連体形) 目する もくする moku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 目すれ もくすれ moku sure
Imperative (命令形) 目せよ¹
目しろ²		 もくせよ¹
もくしろ²		 moku seyo¹
moku shiro²
Key constructions Passive 目される もくされる moku sareru
Causative 目させる
目さす		 もくさせる
もくさす		 moku saseru
moku sasu
Potential 目できる もくできる moku dekiru
Volitional 目しよう もくしよう moku shiyō
Negative 目しない もくしない moku shinai
Negative continuative 目せず もくせず moku sezu
Formal 目します もくします moku shimasu
Perfective 目した もくした moku shita
Conjunctive 目して もくして moku shite
Hypothetical conditional 目すれば もくすれば moku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese 目. Kan'on, so likely a later borrowed reading. Compare modern Min Nan /bo̍k/.

Only used in compounds.

Affix

目 (hiragana ぼく, romaji boku)

  1. an eye
  2. a look or appearance
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 瞬目 (しゅんぼく, shunboku): the blink of an eye, a moment, an instant
  • 真面目 (しんめんぼく, shinmenboku): alternate reading for shinmenmoku: the real appearance or worth of something; serious
  • 新面目 (しんめんぼく, shinmenboku): alternate reading for shinmenmoku: a new appearance or look for something
  • 不面目 (ふめんぼく, fumenboku): also fumenmoku: dishonor, loss of face
  • 面目 (めいぼく, meiboku): alternate reading for menboku (see below)
  • 面目 (めんぼく, menboku): also menmoku: one's honor, one's metaphorical face; external appearance
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Korean

Hanja

目
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 목 (revised: mok, McCune-Reischauer: mok, Yale: mok)
  • Name (hangeul): 눈 (revised: nun, McCune-Reischauer: nun)
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Mandarin

Etymology

Middle Chinese 入 (mjuk), Old Chinese *mjəkʷ. Cognate with Old Tibetan མིག (mig, “eye”).[1]

Pronunciation

Hanzi

目 (pinyin mù (mu4), Wade-Giles mu4)

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Compounds

References

  1. ^ 《汉藏语同源词综探》，全广镇
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Vietnamese

Han character

目 (mục, mụt)

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Last modified on 15 May 2013, at 20:41