酒
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
 |
|||
Phonosemantic interpretation
Old Chinese Initial /*s-/ lends semantic value Small/Thin/Slender. Vowel /*-o-/ lends semantic value Curvature or Curve and surround/envelop. Phono-semantic indicator 酉 (long-necked, rounded alcohol container) + semantic indicator 水 water → alcohol poured out in an arc through a narrow aperture. Source: Howell & Morimoto
Etymology
氵 (“water, liquid”) + 酉 (“a wine vessel”)
Han character
酒 (radical 164 酉+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵酉)
Usage notes
This character is often interpreted as “wine”. However, it is commonly applied to many types of fermented drinks and is not specific to grapes.
References
- KangXi: page 1281, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
- Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3574, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9152
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: しゅ (shu)
- Kun: さけ (sake), (in compounds) さか (saka), き (ki), くし (kushi)
- Nanori: き (ki), さ (sa), し (shi), み (mi)
Compounds
Mandaic
|
Etymology 1
Originally /ki1/. Likely realized as [ki] (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai).
Noun
- sake
- 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
- 許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐
- 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
Etymology 2
Cognate with obsolete 奇し (kushi, “strange, wondrous, miraculous”), which is also the root for 薬 (kusuri, “medicine”).[1][2]
Noun
- sake, rice wine
- 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
- 許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐
- 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
Derived terms
- 笑酒, 咲酒 (えぐし, egushi): rice wine or other alcohol that makes one smile and become happy
Etymology 3
/sake2/ [sakəj] > [sake]
Various theories exist. Possible connection with 栄え (sakae), the stem of verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to thrive, to flourish”).[2][3]
-
Audio (file)
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Bound form of /sake/, only used as a prefix before other nouns. In older forms of Japanese, could also be used to prefix verbs.[1][4]
Prefix
Etymology 5
Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbōshi, “women's word”). Possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake. Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese-derived euphemism for sake, 竹葉 (chikuyō, literally, "bamboo leaves"), as 笹 (sasa) refers to a type of short, leafy bamboo.[5]
Noun
酒 (hiragana ささ, romaji sasa)
See also
References
- ↑ 1.01.1 1988, Kokugo Dai Jiten Dictionary, edition Revised edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan:
- ↑ 2.02.1 "酒" (in Japanese), Lookvise, Inc.: 2003. URL accessed on 2012-06-07.
- ^ 1988, Seinosuke Sugama, Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, "酒" article[1] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Heibonsha, retrieved on 2012-06-07:
- ^ 1998, Akira Matsumura editor, Digital Daijirin[2] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, ISBN 4095012129, retrieved on 2012-06-07:
- ^ 2006, Akira Matsumura editor, Daijirin[3], edition 3rd edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Sanseido, ISBN 4-385-13905-9, retrieved on 2012-06-07:
- 1957 June 18, Yutaka Tsuchihashi; Jin'ichi Konishi, Ichinosuke Takagi, Kodai Kayōshū, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-060003-6:
Korean
↑Jump back a sectionMandarin
Pronunciation
-
audio (file)
Noun
酒 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin jiǔ)
Usage notes
This word is often translated as “wine”. However, it commonly stands for many types of fermented drinks and is not specific to grapes.