sto

See also: stó, stò, što, -sto, -stö, 'sto, and stø

English

Noun

sto

1. (slang) Pronunciation spelling of store.

Czech

Czech cardinal numbers

<  99	100	101  >
Cardinal : sto     Ordinal : stý

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech sto, from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsto]

• audio

  (file)

Noun

sto n

1. hundred (100)

Declension

Declension of sto

	singular	plural	dual
nominative	sto	sta	stě
genitive	sta	set	set
dative	stu	stům	stům
accusative	sto	sta	stě
vocative	sto	sta	stě
locative	stu	stech	stech
instrumental	stem	sty	sty

See also

• dvě stě, tři sta, čtyři sta, pět set, šest set, sedm set, osm set, devět set

Further reading

• sto in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• sto in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• sto in Internetová jazyková příručka

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian что (što).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsto/, [ˈs̠to̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsto/, [ˈʃto̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: sto

Conjunction

sto

1. (+ indicative) that

Synonyms

• jot, jet, etti

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 545
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[2], →ISBN, page 75

Italian

Alternative forms

• stò (misspelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔ‿|| ˈstɔ/

Phrase

sto

1. (colloquial) Ellipsis of sto bene (“I'm fine”).

Verb

sto

1. first-person singular present indicative of stare

See also

• 'sto
• sta
• stai
• stanno
• stiamo

 

References

• sto in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔ/
• Syllabification: sto

Numeral

sto

1. hundred

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “sto”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎^[3] (in Kashubian), page 203
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “sto”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[4], volume 2, page 1026
• “sto”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /stoː/, [s̠t̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sto/, [st̪ɔː]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *staēō, from earlier *staējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-.

Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istâ, “standing; stopping”), Old Norse standa, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), Old English standan (whence English stand).

By its appearance through Latin sound laws, this stative verb, against all others of this class in the 2nd conjugation, belongs to the 1st conjugation. The perfect and supine stems are shared with sistō, the corresponding athematic verb from the same Indo-European root.

Verb

stō (present infinitive stāre, perfect active stetī, supine statum); first conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to stand

   Synonym: astō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.56:

     “Troiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.”

     “And Troy, you would be standing now, and high citadel of Priam, you would remain!” – Aeneas

2. to stay, remain

   Synonyms: cōnstō, sistō, cōnsistō, remaneō, maneō, haereō

3. to cost, to be set at, stand at (e.g., a price)
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.885–886:

     ‘stat mihi nōn parvō virtūs mea: volnera testor
     armaque, quae sparsī sanguine saepe meō.’

     “My bravery costs me no small [price]: I call to witness my scars
     and weapons, which I have often splattered with my own blood.”
     (Mezentius replies to a request to fight for Turnus.)

4. (Medieval Latin) to be

   Synonyms: adsum, subsum, astō, exstō

   Antonym: desum

5. (Medieval Latin) to be [located at]
6. (Medieval Latin) to live

Conjugation

Passive forms exist only in the third-person singular.

Conjugation of stō (first conjugation, impersonal in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	stō	stās	stat	stāmus	stātis	stant
	imperfect	stābam	stābās	stābat	stābāmus	stābātis	stābant
	future	stābō	stābis	stābit	stābimus	stābitis	stābunt
	perfect	stetī	stetistī	stetit	stetimus	stetistis	stetērunt, stetēre
	pluperfect	steteram	steterās	steterat	steterāmus	steterātis	steterant
	future perfect	steterō	steteris	steterit	steterimus	steteritis	steterint
passive	present	—	—	stātur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	stābātur	—	—	—
	future	—	—	stābitur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	statum est	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	statum erat	—	—	—
	future perfect	—	—	statum erit	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	stem	stēs	stet	stēmus	stētis	stent
	imperfect	stārem	stārēs	stāret	stārēmus	stārētis	stārent
	perfect	steterim	steterīs	steterit	steterīmus	steterītis	steterint
	pluperfect	stetissem	stetissēs	stetisset	stetissēmus	stetissētis	stetissent
passive	present	—	—	stētur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	stārētur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	statum sit	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	statum esset, statum foret	—	—	—
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	stā	—	—	stāte	—
	future	—	stātō	stātō	—	stātōte	stantō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		stāre	stetisse	statūrum esse	stārī	statum esse	—
participles		stāns	—	statūrus	—	statum	standum
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		standī	standō	standum	standō	statum	statū

• Stetērai is an early form of stetēre (= stetērunt).

Derived terms

• adsto
• antestō
• antistō
• astō
• circumstō
• contrāstō
• cōnstō
• distō
• exstō
• interstō
• obstō
• perstō
• praestō
• restō
• stabilis
• stabulum
• statim
• statiō
• stator
• status
• statūra
• stāmen
• stāticum
• superstō
• īnstō

 

Related terms

• sistō
• statuō

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: stau, stari
  • Istro-Romanian: stå
  • Megleno-Romanian: stau
  • Romanian: sta, stare
• Dalmatian:
  • stur
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: stà
  • Italian: stare
    • Sabir: star
    • → Esperanto: stari
  • Neapolitan: stà
  • Sicilian: stari
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: stâ
  • Istriot: stà
  • Piedmontese: ësté, ëstar
  • Romansch: star, ster
  • Venetian: star
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: estar, étar
  • Old French: ester
    • Middle French: ester
      • French: être (partially), ester
  • Catalan: estar
  • Occitan: estar
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: estar
  • Asturian: tar
  • Mozarabic: אשתאד (ʔštʔd)
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: estar
    • Galician: estar
    • Portuguese: estar
  • Spanish: estar, tar
    • → Hiligaynon: istar
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: iltare, istare, istai, stai
• Borrowings:
  • →⇒ English: stare decisis

References

• “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[5], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.)
    
  • to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re
    
  • to abide by one's undertaking: promisso stare
    
  • a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat
    
  • the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
    
  • to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
    
  • the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
    
  • the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
    
  • to ride at anchor: in ancoris esse, stare, consistere
    
  • (ambiguous) my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: meliorem in statum redigor
    
  • (ambiguous) to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere
    
  • (ambiguous) a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice: sacrificium statum (solemne) (Tusc. 1. 47. 113)
    
  • (ambiguous) to restore the ancient constitution: rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere
    
  • (ambiguous) to endanger the existence of the state: statum rei publicae convellere
    

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *(s)ta(je)-tōd (“must steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂-, see also Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyú, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)).

Failed to survive for its homonymy with the ordinary verb for “stand" (see Etymology 1 above).

Verb

stō (singular future active imperative statōd); first conjugation

1. (Old Latin) to steal
   • 7th–5th century BC, Duenos inscription:

     𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌅𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌍𐌄𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌃

     DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
     duenos mēd fēced en mānōm (m)einom duenōi nē mēd malo(s) statōd

     A good man made me (in good intention?) for a good man; may I not be stolen by an evil man.

Ligurian

Etymology

From Latin iste.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stu/

Adjective

sto (feminine singular sta, masculine plural sti, feminine plural ste)

1. this
2. (in the plural) these

Synonyms

• quésto

See also

• quéllo

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Numeral

sto

1. hundred (100)

Synonyms

• hundert

Derived terms

• stotka

Masurian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈstɔ]
• Syllabification: sto

Numeral

sto

1. hundred
   • 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 75:

     Já prżed cziebzie jes éno lÿsém podajóncém szie na sto drugiéch lÿsów.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• stod

Verb

sto

1. simple past of stå

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stuː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse stóð. Related to stå.

Noun

sto f (definite singular stoa, indefinite plural stoer, definite plural stoene)

1. A resting place for critters.

Noun

sto n (definite singular stoet, indefinite plural sto, definite plural stoa)

1. A herd of mares and one or more stallions.

Etymology 2

Verb

sto

1. (non-standard since 2012) past of stå

References

• “sto” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “sto”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Anagrams

• ost, sot, tos

Old Czech

Old Czech numbers ^(edit)

		1,000
←  90	[a], [b] ←  99	100	200  →	1,000  →
		10
Cardinal: sto     Ordinal: stý

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈsto/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈsto/

Numeral

sto

1. hundred

Declension

Declension of sto (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sto	stě	sta
genitive	sta	stú	set
dative	stu	stoma	stóm
accusative	sto	stě	sta
vocative	sto	stě	sta
locative	stě, stu	stú	stiech
instrumental	stem	stoma	sty

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: sto

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “sto”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto. First attested in the 13th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /stɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /stɔ/

Numeral

sto

1. hundred

Noun

sto n

1. type of payment

Descendants

• Masurian: sto
• Polish: sto
• Silesian: sto

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “sto”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “sto”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stu/

Adjective

sto

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Polish

Polish numbers ^(edit)

		1,000
←  90	←  99	100	200  →	1,000  →
		10
Cardinal: sto     Ordinal: setny     Adverbial: stokrotnie, stukrotnie, stokroć     Multiplier: stokrotny, stukrotny     Fractional: procent     Numeral noun: setka     Relational adjective: setkowy     Prefix: stu-

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sto. Doublet of cent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stɔ/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈstɔ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: sto

Numeral

sto

1. hundred
2. a lot

Declension

Declension of sto

	plural
	virile	other
nominative	stu	sto
genitive	stu
dative
accusative	stu	sto
instrumental	stu/stoma
locative	stu
vocative	stu	sto

Derived terms

adverb

• na sto dwa
• na sto procent
• tysiąc pięćset sto dziewięćset

 

interjection

• sto lat

 

particle

• jak sto diabłów

 

verbs

• być sto lat za Murzynami impf
• mieć sto pociech impf

 

Related terms

numerals

• dwieście (“two hundred”)
• trzysta (“three hundred”)
• czterysta (“four hundred”)
• pięćset (“five hundred”)
• sześćset (“six hundred”)
• siedemset (“seven hundred”)
• osiemset (“eight hundred”)
• dziewięćset (“nine hundred”)

 

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sto is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 50 times in scientific texts, 164 times in news, 67 times in essays, 18 times in fiction, and 31 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 330 times, making it the 154th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• sto in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sto in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “sto”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “STO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 April 2
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “sto”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[6]
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “sto”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎^[7]
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “sto”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[8] (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 423

Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian numbers ^(edit)

←  10	←  90	100	1,000  → [a], [b]
		10
Cardinal: sto     Ordinal: stoti     Adverbial: stoput     Multiplier: stostruk     Collective: stotoro     Fractional: stotina

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stôː/

Numeral

stȏ (Cyrillic spelling сто̑)

1. hundred

Derived terms

• dvjesto (“two hundred”), dvjesta
• petsto m (“five hundred”), pet stotina f

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stolъ.

Doublet of àstāl, from the same ultimate source only borrowed through Hungarian.

Alternative forms

• stȏl (Croatia)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stôː/

Noun

stȏ m (Cyrillic spelling сто̑)

1. (Bosnia, Serbia) table

   Synonyms: àstāl, hàstāl

Declension

Declension of sto

	singular	plural
nominative	stȏ	stòlovi
genitive	stòla	stòlōvā
dative	stòlu	stòlovima
accusative	stȏ	stòlove
vocative	stȍle	stòlovi
locative	stòlu	stòlovima
instrumental	stòlom	stòlovima

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: sto

Numeral

sto

1. hundred

Further reading

• sto in dykcjonorz.eu
• sto in silling.org

Slovak

Slovak numbers ^(edit)

		1,000
←  90	←  99	100	200  →	1,000  →
		10
Cardinal: sto     Ordinal: stý     Collective: stotoro     Qualitative: stotoraký

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stɔ]

Numeral

sto

1. hundred (100)

Usage notes

• Usually not declined when used in conjunction with other numerals.

Declension

Declension of sto

	singular	plural
nominative	sto	stá
genitive	sta	sto
dative	stu	stám
accusative	sto	stá
locative	ste	stách
instrumental	stom	stami

Further reading

• “sto”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Slovene cardinal numbers

<  99	100	101  >
Cardinal : stó     Ordinal : stôti     Adverbial : stókrat

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stóː/

Numeral

stọ̑

1. hundred

Inflection

Declension of sto (numeral, irregular)
nom. plur.	[Term?]
gen. plur.	[Term?]
	plural
nominative	stó
accusative	stó
genitive	stôtih
dative	stôtim
locative	stôtih
instrumental	stôtimi

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish stōþ, from Old Norse stóð, from Proto-Germanic *stōdą. Compare Icelandic stóð.

Noun

sto n

1. mare (female horse)

Declension

Declension of sto
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	sto	stoet	ston	stona
Genitive	stos	stoets	stons	stonas

Synonyms

• hästhona
• märr

Hypernyms

• häst
• (dialectal) russ

Coordinate terms

• föl
• fölunge
• hingst
• hästunge
• valack

Derived terms

• stomjölk
• ungsto

Anagrams

• ost, ots, sot

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъto, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stɔ]

Numeral

sto

1. hundred (100)

Further reading

• “sto” in Soblex