tar
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɑː/
- (General American) IPA(key): /tɑɹ/, [tʰɑɻ], [tʰɑɹ]
Audio (US) (file)
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą (compare Saterland Frisian Taar, West Frisian tarre, tar, Dutch teer, German Teer), from Proto-Indo-European *derwo- (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”)), from *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.
Noun edit
tar (countable and uncountable, plural tars)
- (usually uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
- Coal tar.
- (uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
- (slang, dated) A sailor, because of the traditional tarpaulin clothes.
- Synonym: Jack Tar
- 1915, W. McMann, “Our Picture Show”, in Western Evening Herald:
- If there's one man that I admire, that man's a British tar.
- August 10 1723, Jonathan Swift, To Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough[2]:
- Shines in all climates like a star; In senates bold, and fierce in war; A land commander, and a tar.
- (uncountable) Black tar, a form of heroin.
Derived terms edit
- Archangel tar
- beat the tar out of
- birch tar
- black tar
- coal tar
- gas tar
- jacktar
- Jack Tar
- juniper tar
- mineral tar
- pine tar
- pitch-tar
- slow as tar
- spoil the ship for a hap'orth of tar
- Stockholm tar
- tar baby
- tar board
- tar boil
- tarbrush
- tar derby
- Tar Heel
- tarlike
- tarmac
- tarmacadam
- tar paper
- tarpaulin
- tar pit
- tarpot
- tar sand
- tar spot
- tar water
- tarweed
- touch of the tar brush
- wood tar
Translations edit
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Verb edit
tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)
- (transitive) To coat with tar.
- (transitive) To besmirch.
- The allegations tarred his name, even though he was found innocent.
- 1995, Paul Robinson, The Gate Contracts:
- Dr. Sign: In fact, maybe you think I should get credit, but if I do, Dr. Frendall will be scorned. You know why
Dr. Ellsworth: Yes, I know. Your critics will tar him with the same brush as you.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
tar (plural tars)
- (computing) A program for archiving files, common on Unix systems.
- (computing) A file produced by such a program.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Verb edit
tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)
- (computing, transitive) To create a tar archive.
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
tar (plural tars)
- A Persian long-necked, waisted string instrument, shared by many cultures and countries in the Middle East and the Caucasus.
Translations edit
See also edit
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
tar (plural tars)
- A single-headed round frame drum originating in North Africa and the Middle East.
See also edit
References edit
- 2001. Drum Circle: A Guide to World Percussion. Chalo Eduardo, Frank Kumor. Pg. 18.
Etymology 5 edit
Noun edit
tar (plural tars)
- Alternative form of tara (“Indian coin”)
Anagrams edit
Aromanian edit
Noun edit
tar m (plural tari)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Latin stāre, present active infinitive of stō. Compare Spanish estar, Aragonese estar, Galician estar, Portuguese estar, Catalan estar.
Verb edit
tar
- to be (referring to geographical place)
- to be (referring to something temporary)
- to be (for use in constructing continuous verb forms)
- tas xugando ― you are playing
Conjugation edit
Impersonal forms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | tar | ||||||
Gerund | tando | ||||||
Past participle | tao | ||||||
Personal forms | |||||||
yo | tu | él~elli/-a/-o | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | ellos/-es | ||
Indicative | Present | to toi |
tas | ta | tamos | tais | tán |
Imperfect preterite | taba | tabes | taba | tábamos~tábemos | tabais~tabeis | taben | |
Perfect preterite | tuvi tevi |
tuvisti tuviesti |
tuvo tevo | tuvimos tuviemos |
tuvistis tuviestis |
tuvieron | |
Pluperfect preterite | tuviera~tuviere | tuvieras~tuvieres | tuviera~tuviere | tuviéramos~tuviéremos | tuvierais~tuviereis | tuvieran~tuvieren | |
yo | tu | él~elli/-a/-o | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | ellos/-es | ||
Subjunctive | Present | tea | teas | tea | teamos | teáis | tean |
Imperfect preterite | tuviera~tuviere | tuvieras~tuvieres | tuviera~tuviere | tuviéramos~tuviéremos | tuvierais~tuviereis | tuvieran~tuvieren | |
yo | tu | él~elli/-a/-o | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | ellos/-es | ||
Potential | Future | taré | tarás | tará | taremos | taréis | tarán |
Conditional | taría | taríes | taría | taríamos~taríemos | taríais~taríeis | taríen | |
- | tu | vusté | nosotros/-es~nós | vosotros/-es~vós | vustedes | ||
Imperative | ta | vamos tar | tai |
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Persian تار (târ).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tar (definite accusative tarı, plural tarlar)
Declension edit
Declension of tar | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | tar |
tarlar | ||||||
definite accusative | tarı |
tarları | ||||||
dative | tara |
tarlara | ||||||
locative | tarda |
tarlarda | ||||||
ablative | tardan |
tarlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | tarın |
tarların |
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowing from an Oghur language, before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries),[1] from Proto-Turkic *tāŕ (“bald”). Cognates include Turkish dazlak (“bald”), Karakhanid تازْ (tāz, “bald”), and Middle Mongol [script needed] (tarasun, “bald”), the latter perhaps a Turkic borrowing too.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
tar (not comparable)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tar | tarok |
accusative | tart | tarokat |
dative | tarnak | taroknak |
instrumental | tarral | tarokkal |
causal-final | tarért | tarokért |
translative | tarrá | tarokká |
terminative | tarig | tarokig |
essive-formal | tarként | tarokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | tarban | tarokban |
superessive | taron | tarokon |
adessive | tarnál | taroknál |
illative | tarba | tarokba |
sublative | tarra | tarokra |
allative | tarhoz | tarokhoz |
elative | tarból | tarokból |
delative | tarról | tarokról |
ablative | tartól | taroktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
taré | taroké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
taréi | tarokéi |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ tar in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- tar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unknown.
Noun edit
tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)
- Alternative spelling of tir (chess pieces).
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)
Etymology 3 edit
From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.
Noun edit
tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)
Alternative forms edit
- tart [tat] (Standard Malay)
Etymology 4 edit
From English tar, from Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-. Doublet of ter and tir.
Noun edit
tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)
- tar, the solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
Usage notes edit
Other definition of tar translated into ter or tir.
Etymology 5 edit
Noun edit
tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)
- (colloquial) aphetic form of sebentar.
Further reading edit
- “tar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish do·icc. The imperative is from a related verb, do·airicc.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tar (present analytic tagann, future analytic tiocfaidh, verbal noun teacht, past participle tagtha)
- to come
- Tiocfaidh ár lá.
- Our day will come.
- to survive, pull through
- Bhí a ndeartháir ar leaba an bháis, ach tháinig sé.
- Their brother was on his deathbed, but he pulled through.
- Bádh a hathair agus tháinig a máthair.
- Her father drowned and her mother survived.
Conjugation edit
*indirect relative
† dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Forms based on the stem tig- (e.g. tigim and tig/tigeann) are found in Ulster, North Mayo and parts of Munster; in at least some of these varieties there may also be spontaneous lenition to thig etc. even in environments where no lenition is expected. Forms based on the stem teag- (e.g. teagaim, teagann) are found in parts of Connacht.
The present analytic tig is particularly common in tar le (“be able”).
The obsolete present subjunctive tí is now found only in the preposition go dtí (“to, toward, up to, until”).
Alternative forms of the second-person singular imperative include tair in Munster, teighre in Aran, teara in Connemara, and gabh in Ulster.
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
tar | thar | dtar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Karaim edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *t(i)ār.
Adjective edit
tar
References edit
- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “tar”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Maltese edit
Root |
---|
t-j-r |
9 terms |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tar (imperfect jtir, verbal noun tajran)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of tar | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | tirt | tirt | tar | tirna | tirtu | taru | |
f | taret | |||||||
imperfect | m | ntir | ttir | jtir | ntiru | ttiru | jtiru | |
f | ttir | |||||||
imperative | tir | tiru |
Manx edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
tar (verbal noun çheet, simple past haink, future hig, conditional harragh)
Conjugation edit
first | analytical | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
future | independent | higym | higmayd | hig |
dependent | jigym | jigmayd | jig | |
relative | (no future relative form) | |||
conditional | independent | harrin | harragh | |
dependent | darrin | darragh | ||
past | haink | |||
verbal noun | çheet | |||
past participle | (no past participle form) |
Derived terms edit
- tar er-ash (“return”)
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
tar
- Alternative form of tare (“vetch”)
Etymology 2 edit
Determiner edit
tar
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þeir
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tar
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Verb edit
tar
Old Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *taras, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂és, from the root *terh₂- (“to cross”).[1]
The voiced variant dar is the original one, since *t in proclitics regularly became d in Old Irish. Tar with a voiceless initial consonant is analogical after its conjugated forms.[2]
Preposition edit
tar (with accusative)
Inflection edit
Person | Normal | Emphatic |
---|---|---|
1st person sing. | thorom, thorum | thoromsa, thorumsa |
2d person sing. | torut | torutsu |
3d sing. masc./neut., dative | ||
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative | tarais | |
3d sing. fem., dative | ||
3d sing. fem., accusative | tairse | |
1st person pl. | torunn+ | torunni |
2d person pl. | toraib | |
3d person pl., dative | ||
3d person pl., accusative | tairsiu |
Forms combined with the definite article:
Forms combined with a possessive determiner:
Forms combined with a possessive pronoun:
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*taras”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
- ^ McCone, Kim (1981) “Final /t/ to /d/ after Unstressed Vowels, and an Old Irish Sound Law”, in Ériu[1], volume 32, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved November 25, 2022, pages 29–44
Further reading edit
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 434, 854
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 150
Pali edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sanskrit तॄ (tṝ).
Root edit
tar (Pali name tara)
- to cross
Derived terms edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tar f
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -aɾ
Verb edit
tar
- (Portugal) Nonstandard spelling of estar.
- 1983, Manuel da Costa Fontes, Romanceiro da Ilha de São Jorge, Universidade de Coimbra, page 236:
- Eu tou aqui nesta serra
- I’m here in this mountain chain
- 1983, Manuel da Costa Fontes, Romanceiro da Ilha de São Jorge, Universidade de Coimbra, page 236:
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
tar m (plural taruri)
- unit of measurement for weights
Declension edit
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
tar
- Romanization of 𒋻 (tar)
Swedish edit
Verb edit
tar
- present indicative of ta
Anagrams edit
Yola edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English tar, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tar
- tar
- 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 10:
- Aal haar, an wi eyen lik torches o tar?"
- "All hair, and with eyes like torches of tar,"
References edit
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132