ki-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ki"
Choctaw edit
Prefix edit
kī- (before vowels kil-, class N first-person plural)
- the subject of a hortative verb
- let us
- the subject of a negative active transitive verb
- we don't
- the subject of a negative active intransitive verb
- we don't
Inflection edit
Choctaw Person Markers
class I | class II | class III | class N | imperative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V | |||
first-person | singular | initial | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | n/a | ||||
medial | -sa- | -sam- | |||||||||||
paucal | ī- | il- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | ||||||
plural | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | ||||||||||
second-person | singular | is- | ish- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | ∅ | |||||
plural | has- | hash- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | ho- | oh- | |||||
third-person | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- |
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
From interrogative and relative pronouns of European languages, such as French (qui, que, quoi, quel, quand, comment, combien), Italian (che), Russian (кто, как, какой, куда, когда).
Prefix edit
ki-
- wh-, what (interrogative/relative correlative prefix)
Derived terms edit
Haitian Creole edit
Prefix edit
ki-
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ki-
- (verbal prefix) It indicates actions with outward direction or actions aiming fulfillment.
- construed with magát and definite conjugation of originally intransitive verbs: to one's heart's content, as much as one wants or needs
- alszik (“to sleep”) → kialussza magát (“to get enough sleep”)
- úszik (“to swim”) → kiússza magát (“to have enough swim”)
- beszél (“to speak”) → kibeszéli magát (“to say everything that weighs on one’s mind”)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
Makasar edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ki- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨀᨗ)
See also edit
Old High German edit
Prefix edit
ki-
Pipil edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ki-
Usage notes edit
- When the prefix "-ki-" is being preceded by a subject marker o followed by an initial "i" in the verb, it loses its own i and becomes just "-k-", as in this example:
- Nikneki se kinia
- I want (it) a banana
- Nikneki se kinia
See also edit
Pipil verb object markers
- yaja (personal pronoun)
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
ki- (plural vi-)
- ki class(VII) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly artefacts (objects made by humans) and people or objects with physical defects
- kitu kizuri ― a nice thing
- kilema ― a crippled person
- diminutive prefix
- prefix used to derive adverbs from nouns describing human qualities
- (prefixed to an entire noun, including its class prefix) adverbial prefix
- 2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:
- […] mwingiliano wa miaka mingi kibiashara, kijamii na kiutamaduni katika nchi hizi mbili.
- […] many years of interaction, commercially, societally, and culturally, between these two countries.
- (prefixed to reduplicated locative word) adverbial prefix
Usage notes edit
Adverbs derived with this prefix are often used as adjectives with a preceding -a:
- -a + ki- + mke (“woman”) → -a kike (“female”)
- -a + ki- + mataifa (“nations”) → -a kimataifa (“international”)
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
Prefix edit
ki-
- it, ki class(VII) subject concord
- verb-initial form of -ki- (“it, ki class(VII) object concord”)
See also edit
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Tooro edit
Alternative forms edit
- (before vowels) ky-
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ki-
- class 7 pronominal concord
- it; class 7 subject concord
- positive imperative form of -ki- (“it; class 7 object concord”)
See also edit
Tooro personal pronouns
References edit
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ki-
- Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive non-transitive-agent prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel i.
- Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive transitive agent prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.
Inflection edit
Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |