o-

See also: о- and Appendix:Variations of "o"

English

Noun

o-

1. A blood type that has no antigens. It lacks the A, B and Rh factors on the blood cells. It is the universal donor for blood and can give blood to any blood type, but can only receive O- blood.

Prefix

o-

1. (organic chemistry) ortho-

See also

• m-
• p-

Basque

Alternative forms

• ot-

Prefix

o-

1. Combining form of ogi (“bread”)

Usage notes

• If the following element of the compound starts with /b/ or /ɡ/, these are devoiced to /p/ and /k/ respectively.
• If the following element starts with a vowel, /s̺/ or /s̻/, the combining form ot- is used instead.

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• å- (East Central)

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/ (West Central)

Prefix

o-

1. Separable verb prefix that indicates a direction, goal, destination and a contact made therein.

   ‎o- + ‎schraufn (“to screw”) → ‎oschraufn (“to screw on”)

   ‎o- + ‎greifn (“to grab, seize”) → ‎ogreifn (“to touch, handle”)

   ‎o- + ‎brenna (“to burn”) → ‎obrenna (“to scorch”)

Derived terms

Bavarian terms prefixed with o-

Cayuga

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix

References

Frances Froman, Alfred J. Keye, Lottie Keye, Carrie Dyck (2002) English-Cayuga/Cayuga-English Dictionary, University of Toronto, page 705

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Prefix

o-

1. around, all around
2. a complete action, a perfective verb
3. something else

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with o-

• obalamutit
• obalit
• obrat
• obrátit
• ocenit
• očekávat
• odrat
• odrbat
• odřít
• ohanbí
• ohlédnout
• ohnout
• ohodnotit
• ohradit
• ochabnout
• oklamat
• okleštit
• okopat
• okorat
• okovat
• okrást
• omastit
• omladit
• omluvit
• omotat
• omýt
• opracovat
• opravit
• oprášit
• opsat
• osamělý
• osamět
• osedlat
• osekat
• osvítit
• osvobodit
• osvojit
• osypat
• ošetřit
• ošidit
• oškubat
• otočit
• otrávit
• ovládat
• ozářit
• označit
• oznámit
• ozřejmit

 

Further reading

• o-/ob(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Japanese

Romanization

o-

1. Rōmaji transcription of お

Lakota

Prefix

o-

1. Forms nouns from some verbs.

   ‎o- + ‎wótA (“to eat”) → ‎owóte (“dining room”)

   ‎o- + ‎yuŋkÁ (“to lie, recline”) → ‎oyúŋke (“a bed”)

Mohawk

Etymology

io- with loss of initial glide

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix
2. her (in kinship terms)

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

Ojibwe

Prefix

o-

1. A prefix denoting the third person

Usage notes

o- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant. It may be omitted in many contexts.

Alternative forms

• od-
• odo-
• ow-
• oy-
• w-

See also

• wiin
• wiinawaa

Ojibwe personal prefixes

		stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Consonants		p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
		d g ' j z zh	nin-
		b	nim-
Vowels		o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
		a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
		oo	n-	g-
		ii			w-

Preverb

o-

1. go somewhere to do something, go over there to

   Mii go imaa ziigigamideg, mii imaa o-gondaabiiginag zhingobaandag.

   If it boiled over, I dipped the bough in the kettle.

Alternative forms

• awi-

References

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/o-pv-dir

Old Polish

Etymology

Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

1. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make

   ‎o- + ‎pozdny → ‎opóździć

2. around

   ‎o- + ‎kropić → ‎okropić

3. prefix indicating a perfective verb

   ‎o- + ‎soczyć → ‎osoczyć

Derived terms

Old Polish terms prefixed with o-

Descendants

• Polish: o-

Onondaga

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix

References

• Hanni Woodbury (2018) A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page 284

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o. Doublet of ob-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

1. prefix indicating a perfective verb

   ‎o- + ‎słabnąć → ‎osłabnąć

2. affects verb meaning in various ways

   ‎o- + ‎strzec → ‎ostrzec

3. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make

   Synonym: u-

   ‎o- + ‎trzeźwy → ‎otrzeźwić

4. around

   Synonym: ob-

   ‎o- + ‎winąć → ‎owinąć

5. down

   Synonym: z-

   ‎o- + ‎suwać → ‎osuwać

   ‎o- + ‎puścić → ‎opuścić

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with o-

Further reading

• o- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Seneca

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix

References

• Wallace Chafe (2014) A Grammar of the Seneca Language, University of California Press, page 86

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b)-. Prefixed form of the preposition o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ-/

Prefix

o-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. (no change in meaning)

      ‎o- + ‎čístiti (“to clean”) → ‎očístiti (“to clean”)

   2. around, past, avoiding

      ‎o- + ‎čŕtati (“to draw”) → ‎očŕtati (“to outline”)

      ‎o- + ‎īti (“to go”) → ‎obíti (“to go around, to bypass”)

   3. to stay, to remain

      ‎o- + ‎sedẹ́ti (“to sit”) → ‎obsedẹ́ti (“to stay sitting”)

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with o-

Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish ō-, from Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from the Proto-Indo-European *n̥- whence also Greek α- (a-) and English un-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²uː/

Prefix

o-

1. Added to adjectives to yield their opposites; un-
2. Added to nouns to mean lack or being without

Derived terms

Swedish terms prefixed with o-

Taos

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɑ/

Prefix

o-

1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person duoplural object.
2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person singular object.

Ternate

Etymology

Cognate with Tehit w- (“third-person singular masculine prefix”).

Pronoun

o- (Jawi ؤ-)

1. (masculine) third-person singular clitic, he

See also

Ternate personal pronouns

	independent			subject proclitic		possessive
	Informal	Formal
1st person singular	ngori	fangarem, fajaruf		to		ri
2nd person singular	ngana	ngoni, jou ngoni		no		ni
3rd person singular	unam, minaf			om, mof, inh		im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive	ngone			fo		na, nga
1st person plural exclusive	ngomi	fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1		mi		mi, mia
2nd person plural	ngoni			ni		na, nia
3rd person plural	anah, enanh			ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, †		nah, ngah, manh

• unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
• m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
• 1 - for mixed-gender groups
• † - archaic

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tooro

Alternative forms

• (before -a- or -e- in the subjunctive mood) w-
• (before vowels in other cases) oy-

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o-/

Prefix

o-

1. you; 2nd person singular subject concord

   ‎o- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎okora (“you do”)

See also

Tooro personal pronouns

Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	Combined forms
						na	ni
Class 1	First	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	Second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	Third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
Class 2	First	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	Second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	Third	abo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
Class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
Class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
Class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
Class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
Class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
Class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
Class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
Class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
Class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
Class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
Class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
Class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
Class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
Class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
Reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

Volapük

Prefix

o-

1. denotes future tense in verbs and adverbs

   ‎o- + ‎penob (“I write.”) → ‎openob (“I will write.”)

   ‎o- + ‎adelo (“today”) → ‎odelo (“tomorrow”)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

1. Soft mutation of go-.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
go-	o-	ngo-	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o-]

Prefix

o-

1. allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix).
2. Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel o or u.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

Zulu

Etymology 1

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“second person singular”).

Prefix

ṓ-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 1”).

Prefix

ṓ-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

From a- (“augment”) +‎ bo- (“class 2a”).

Prefix

ô-

1. Class 2a noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 3”).

Prefix

ṓ-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o-”
• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o- (8)”
• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o- (3)”
• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o-”