за-
See also: за and Appendix:Variations of "za"
Macedonian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editза- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
- (used with verbs) describing an intensified or extreme action or an action of doing something up to the point that an object becomes junk
Derived terms
editOld Church Slavonic
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Prefix
editза- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- (used with verbs) behind, beyond
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
Derived terms
editRussian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editза- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) behind, beyond
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- за- (za-) + говори́ть impf (govorítʹ, “to speak”) → заговори́ть pf (zagovorítʹ, “to begin to speak”)
- (used with verbs) in advance (describing an action of doing something ahead of time)
- за- (za-) + гото́вить impf (gotóvitʹ, “to prepare”) → загото́вить pf (zagotóvitʹ, “to prepare”)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
- за- (za-) + бетони́ровать impf (betonírovatʹ, “to concrete”) → забетони́ровать pf (zabetonírovatʹ, “to concrete”)
- за- (za-) + по́лнить impf (pólnitʹ, “to fill”) (now archaic, not to be confused with полни́ть (polnítʹ)) → запо́лнить pf (zapólnitʹ, “to fill”)
- за- (za-) + асфальти́ровать impf (asfalʹtírovatʹ, “to asphalt, to resurface”) → заасфальти́ровать pf (zaasfalʹtírovatʹ, “to asphalt, to resurface”)
- за- (za-) + бели́ть impf (belítʹ, “to whitewash, to whiten”) → забели́ть pf (zabelítʹ, “to whitewash, to whiten”)
- (used with verbs) to the finish, to the end (describing a completed result)
- за- (za-) + верши́ть impf (veršítʹ, “to manage, control, direct”) (literary) → заверши́ть pf (zaveršítʹ, “to finish, complete, accomplish”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action of covering something, of being covered, or hiding behind something
- за- (za-) + ржа́веть, ржаве́ть impf (ržávetʹ, ržavétʹ, “to become rusty”) → заржа́веть, заржаве́ть pf (zaržávetʹ, zaržavétʹ, “to become rusty (as an emphasis, by being covered with rust)”)
- за- (za-) + целова́ть impf (celovátʹ, “to kiss”) → зацелова́ть pf (zacelovátʹ, “to cover with kisses (denoting kissing many times, that one's body is fully covered with kisses)”)
- (used with verbs) describing an intensified or extreme action or an action of doing something up to the point that an object becomes junk
- за- (za-) + чита́ть impf (čitátʹ, “to read”) → зачита́ть pf (začitátʹ, “to read (a book, as well as not returning it back; until it becomes all torn apart; simply reading out loud, denoting that the loud voice is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + сиде́ть impf (sidétʹ, “to sit”) → засиде́ться pf (zasidétʹsja, “to sit down, to stay for quite a long time (denoting that the long duration of sitting is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + ду́мать impf (dúmatʹ, “to think”) → заду́мать pf (zadúmatʹ, “to devise”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action that implies the existence of barriers, obstacles, or hindrance
- за- (za-) + баллоти́ровать impf (ballotírovatʹ, “to vote (for someone)”) → забаллоти́ровать pf (zaballotírovatʹ, “to fail to elect”)
- за- (za-) + держа́ть impf (deržátʹ, “to hold, keep, support”) → задержа́ть pf (zaderžátʹ, “to detain, delay”)
- (with a reflexive verb) to do with abandonment
- за- (za-) + говори́ть impf (govorítʹ, “to speak”) + -ся (-sja) → заговори́ться pf (zagovorítʹsja, “to spout nonsense; to rattle on; to have a long talk with, forgetting the time”)
- (used with nouns, in place names) trans-
- за- (za-) + Карпа́ты (Karpáty, “Carpathians”) + -ье (-ʹje) → Закарпа́тье (Zakarpátʹje, “Transcarpathia”)
- за- (za-) + Кавка́з (Kavkáz, “Caucasus”) + -ье (-ʹje) → Закавка́зье (Zakavkázʹje, “Transcaucasia”)
Usage notes
edit- The stressed variant is found in the following situations:
- the past participle of verbs with a one-syllable root ending in -ать and -нуть: e.g. за́стланный (zástlannyj) from застла́ть (zastlátʹ), за́званный (zázvannyj) from зазва́ть (zazvátʹ), за́гнутый (zágnutyj) from загну́ть (zagnútʹ), за́мкнутый (zámknutyj) from замкну́ть (zamknútʹ);
- the past tense of some verbs with a one-syllable root: e.g. за́лил, зали́л (zálil, zalíl, masculine singular past tense) from зали́ть (zalítʹ, “to flood, to stain, etc.”);
- some deverbal nouns: e.g. за́говор (zágovor, “conspiracy; charm, spell”) from заговори́ть (zagovorítʹ, “to charm, to enchant”), за́морозки (zámorozki, “light frost”) from заморо́зить (zamorózitʹ, “to freeze”) + -ки (-ki), за́пись (zápisʹ, “recording”) from записа́ть (zapisátʹ, “to record”);
- some adverbs: e.g. за́мужем (zámužem, “married (of a woman)”), за́просто (záprosto, “without ceremony (colloquial)”).
Derived terms
editUkrainian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editза- • (za-)
- (used with verbs) behind, beyond
- (used with verbs) to begin doing (describing an action of commencing)
- за- (za-) + говори́ти impf (hovorýty, “to speak”) → заговори́ти pf (zahovorýty, “to begin to speak”)
- (used with verbs) in advance (describing an action of doing something ahead of time)
- за- (za-) + готувати impf (hotuvaty, “to prepare”) → заготувати pf (zahotuvaty, “to prepare”)
- (used with verbs) perfectivizes verbs
- за- (za-) + бетонувати impf (betonuvaty, “to concrete”) → забетонувати pf (zabetonuvaty, “to concrete”)
- за- (za-) + по́внити impf (póvnyty, “to fill”) (now archaic, not to be confused with повни́ти (povnýty)) → запо́внити pf (zapóvnyty, “to fill”)
- за- (za-) + асфальтувати impf (asfalʹtuvaty, “to asphalt, to resurface”) → заасфальтувати pf (zaasfalʹtuvaty, “to asphalt, to resurface”)
- за- (za-) + біли́ти impf (bilýty, “to whitewash, to whiten”) → забіли́ти pf (zabilýty, “to whitewash, to whiten”)
- (used with verbs) to the finish, to the end (describing a completed result)
- за- (za-) + верши́ти impf (veršýty, “to manage, control, direct”) (literary) → заве́ршити pf (zavéršyty, “to finish, complete, accomplish”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action of covering something, of being covered, or hiding behind something
- за- (za-) + іржа́віти impf (iržávity, “to become rusty”) → заіржавіти pf (zairžavity, “to become rusty (as an emphasis, by being covered with rust)”)
- за- (za-) + цілува́ти impf (ciluváty, “to kiss”) → зацілува́ти pf (zaciluváty, “to cover with kisses (denoting kissing many times, that one's body is fully covered with kisses)”)
- (used with verbs) describing an intensified or extreme action or an action of doing something up to the point that an object becomes junk
- за- (za-) + чита́ти impf (čytáty, “to read”) → зачита́ти pf (začytáty, “to read (a book, as well as not returning it back; until it becomes all torn apart; simply reading out loud, denoting that the loud voice is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + сидіти impf (sydity, “to sit”) → засидітися pf (zasyditysja, “to sit down, to stay for quite a long time (denoting that the long duration of sitting is a sign of intensified or extreme action)”)
- за- (za-) + ду́мати impf (dúmaty, “to think”) → заду́мати pf (zadúmaty, “to devise”)
- (used with verbs) describing an action that implies the existence of barriers, obstacles, or hindrance
- за- (za-) + балотувати impf (balotuvaty, “to vote (for someone)”) → забалотувати pf (zabalotuvaty, “to fail to elect”)
- за- (za-) + трима́ти impf (trymáty, “to hold, keep, support”) → затри́мати pf (zatrýmaty, “to detain, delay”)
- (with a reflexive verb) to do with abandonment
- за- (za-) + говори́ти impf (hovorýty, “to speak”) + -ся (-sja) → заговори́тися pf (zahovorýtysja, “to spout nonsense; to rattle on; to have a long talk with, forgetting the time”)
- (used with nouns, in place names) trans-
- за- (za-) + Карпа́ти (Karpáty, “Carpathians”) + -тя (-tja) → Закарпа́ття (Zakarpáttja, “Transcarpathia”)
- за- (za-) + Кавка́з (Kavkáz, “Caucasus”) + -зя (-zja) → Закавка́ззя (Zakavkázzja, “Transcaucasia”)
Usage notes
edit- The stressed variant is found in the following situations:
- the past participle of verbs with a one-syllable root ending in -ати and -нути: e.g. за́стланий (zástlanyj) from застла́ти (zastláty), за́званий (zázvanyj) from зазва́ти (zazváty), за́гнутий (záhnutyj) from загну́ти (zahnúty), за́мкнений (zámknenyj) from замкну́ти (zamknúty);
- the past tense of some verbs with a one-syllable root: e.g. за́лив, зали́в (zályv, zalýv, masculine singular past tense) from зали́ти (zalýty, “to flood, to stain, etc.”);
- some deverbal nouns: e.g. за́говір (záhovir, “conspiracy; charm, spell”) from заговори́ти (zahovorýty, “to charm, to enchant”), за́пис (zápys, “recording”) from записа́ти (zapysáty, “to record”);
- some adverbs
Derived terms
editCategories:
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian prefixes
- Macedonian verbal prefixes
- Old Church Slavonic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic lemmas
- Old Church Slavonic prefixes
- Old Church Slavonic verbal prefixes
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prefixes
- Russian verbal prefixes
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian prefixes
- Ukrainian verbal prefixes