ترس
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós), ultimately the same source as etymology 2.
Noun edit
تُرْس • (turs) m (plural تُرُوس (turūs) or أَتْراس (ʔatrās))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تُرْس turs |
التُّرْس at-turs |
تُرْس turs |
Nominative | تُرْسٌ tursun |
التُّرْسُ at-tursu |
تُرْسُ tursu |
Accusative | تُرْسًا tursan |
التُّرْسَ at-tursa |
تُرْسَ tursa |
Genitive | تُرْسٍ tursin |
التُّرْسِ at-tursi |
تُرْسِ tursi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | تُرْسَيْن tursayn |
التُّرْسَيْن at-tursayn |
تُرْسَيْ tursay |
Nominative | تُرْسَانِ tursāni |
التُّرْسَانِ at-tursāni |
تُرْسَا tursā |
Accusative | تُرْسَيْنِ tursayni |
التُّرْسَيْنِ at-tursayni |
تُرْسَيْ tursay |
Genitive | تُرْسَيْنِ tursayni |
التُّرْسَيْنِ at-tursayni |
تُرْسَيْ tursay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تُرُوس; أَتْراس turūs; ʔatrās |
التُّرُوس; الْأَتْراس at-turūs; al-ʔatrās |
تُرُوس; أَتْراس turūs; ʔatrās |
Nominative | تُرُوسٌ; أَتْراسٌ turūsun; ʔatrāsun |
التُّرُوسُ; الْأَتْراسُ at-turūsu; al-ʔatrāsu |
تُرُوسُ; أَتْراسُ turūsu; ʔatrāsu |
Accusative | تُرُوسًا; أَتْراسًا turūsan; ʔatrāsan |
التُّرُوسَ; الْأَتْراسَ at-turūsa; al-ʔatrāsa |
تُرُوسَ; أَتْراسَ turūsa; ʔatrāsa |
Genitive | تُرُوسٍ; أَتْراسٍ turūsin; ʔatrāsin |
التُّرُوسِ; الْأَتْراسِ at-turūsi; al-ʔatrāsi |
تُرُوسِ; أَتْراسِ turūsi; ʔatrāsi |
Descendants edit
Verb edit
تَرَّسَ • (tarrasa) II, non-past يُتَرِّسُ (yutarrisu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tatrīs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mutarris | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mutarras | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | tarrastu |
tarrasta |
تَرَّسَ tarrasa |
tarrastumā |
tarrasā |
tarrasnā |
tarrastum |
tarrasū | |||
f | tarrasti |
tarrasat |
tarrasatā |
tarrastunna |
tarrasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔutarrisu |
tutarrisu |
yutarrisu |
tutarrisāni |
yutarrisāni |
nutarrisu |
tutarrisūna |
yutarrisūna | |||
f | tutarrisīna |
tutarrisu |
tutarrisāni |
tutarrisna |
yutarrisna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔutarrisa |
tutarrisa |
yutarrisa |
tutarrisā |
yutarrisā |
nutarrisa |
tutarrisū |
yutarrisū | |||
f | tutarrisī |
tutarrisa |
tutarrisā |
tutarrisna |
yutarrisna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔutarris |
tutarris |
yutarris |
tutarrisā |
yutarrisā |
nutarris |
tutarrisū |
yutarrisū | |||
f | tutarrisī |
tutarris |
tutarrisā |
tutarrisna |
yutarrisna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | تَرِّسْ tarris |
tarrisā |
tarrisū |
||||||||
f | tarrisī |
tarrisna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | turristu |
turrista |
تُرِّسَ turrisa |
turristumā |
turrisā |
turrisnā |
turristum |
turrisū | |||
f | turristi |
turrisat |
turrisatā |
turristunna |
turrisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔutarrasu |
tutarrasu |
yutarrasu |
tutarrasāni |
yutarrasāni |
nutarrasu |
tutarrasūna |
yutarrasūna | |||
f | tutarrasīna |
tutarrasu |
tutarrasāni |
tutarrasna |
yutarrasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔutarrasa |
tutarrasa |
yutarrasa |
tutarrasā |
yutarrasā |
nutarrasa |
tutarrasū |
yutarrasū | |||
f | tutarrasī |
tutarrasa |
tutarrasā |
tutarrasna |
yutarrasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔutarras |
tutarras |
yutarras |
tutarrasā |
yutarrasā |
nutarras |
tutarrasū |
yutarrasū | |||
f | tutarrasī |
tutarras |
tutarrasā |
tutarrasna |
yutarrasna |
Etymology 2 edit
Ancient Greek θαιρός (thairós, “a pivot of a door or gate; mechanism to open a door”), from Ancient Greek θῠ́ρᾱ (thúrā, “door, entrance”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-.
Noun edit
تِرْس • (tirs) m (plural تُرُوس (turūs))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تِرْس tirs |
التِّرْس at-tirs |
تِرْس tirs |
Nominative | تِرْسٌ tirsun |
التِّرْسُ at-tirsu |
تِرْسُ tirsu |
Accusative | تِرْسًا tirsan |
التِّرْسَ at-tirsa |
تِرْسَ tirsa |
Genitive | تِرْسٍ tirsin |
التِّرْسِ at-tirsi |
تِرْسِ tirsi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | تِرْسَيْن tirsayn |
التِّرْسَيْن at-tirsayn |
تِرْسَيْ tirsay |
Nominative | تِرْسَانِ tirsāni |
التِّرْسَانِ at-tirsāni |
تِرْسَا tirsā |
Accusative | تِرْسَيْنِ tirsayni |
التِّرْسَيْنِ at-tirsayni |
تِرْسَيْ tirsay |
Genitive | تِرْسَيْنِ tirsayni |
التِّرْسَيْنِ at-tirsayni |
تِرْسَيْ tirsay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تُرُوس turūs |
التُّرُوس at-turūs |
تُرُوس turūs |
Nominative | تُرُوسٌ turūsun |
التُّرُوسُ at-turūsu |
تُرُوسُ turūsu |
Accusative | تُرُوسًا turūsan |
التُّرُوسَ at-turūsa |
تُرُوسَ turūsa |
Genitive | تُرُوسٍ turūsin |
التُّرُوسِ at-turūsi |
تُرُوسِ turūsi |
References edit
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “ترس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 24
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ترس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 138
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate to Azerbaijani tərs, which see for more.
Noun edit
ترس • (ters)
Adjective edit
ترس • (ters)
Descendants edit
- Armenian: թարս (tʻars)
- Turkish: ters
- → North Levantine Arabic: ترس (tars, “the reverse, in a countrary manner”)
- → Northern Kurdish: ters (“bent, crooked, skewed”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Northern Kurdish teres (“coward”), possibly from Persian ترسا (tarsâ, “Christian”).
Noun edit
ترس • (teres)
Descendants edit
- Turkish: teres
Etymology 3 edit
From Arabic تُرْس (turs), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).
Noun edit
ترس • (türs) (plural اتراس (etras), plural تروس (türüs))
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
ترس • (ters)
References edit
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ترس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[3], Vienna, column 1149
- Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “ترس”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 278
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *trāsás, from Proto-Indo-European *tros-ó-s (“fear, dread”), from *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”). Compare Sanskrit त्रास (trāsa).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ˈtaɾs]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰǽɹs]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰǽɹs]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tars |
Dari reading? | tars |
Iranian reading? | tars |
Tajik reading? | tars |
audio (Iran) (file)
Noun edit
ترس • (tars)
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
- ترسیدن (tarsidan)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Arabic تُرْس (turs, “shield”), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).
Noun edit
ترس • (tors)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
Southwestern Fars edit
Noun edit
ترس (ters)
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sanskrit [Term?], from the root तृष् (tṛṣ), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ters-.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /t̪ə.ɾəs/
- Rhymes: -əs
Noun edit
تَرَس • (taras) m (Hindi spelling तरस)
Declension edit
Declension of ترس | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | ترس (taras) | ترس (taras) |
oblique | ترس (taras) | ترسوں (tarasō̃) |
vocative | ترس (taras) | ترسو (tarasō) |
Derived terms edit
- ترس کھانا (taras khānā, “to have, feel pity”)
- ترسنا (tarasnā, “to long for”)
- ترس جانا (taras jānā, “to be left yearning for”)