صنف
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
In the root ص ن ف (ṣ-n-f) one also finds صِنْفَة (ṣinfa, “border of a garment”), which fits Ge'ez ጽንፍ (ṣənf, “extremity, edge, border, fringe etc.”), suspiciously enough with alternative vocalization as in Arabic ጸንፍ (ṣänf). Due to the restricted semantic range and the varying vocalization one wonders about a borrowing from Aramaic. Christian Palestinian Aramaic has ܨܢܦܬܐ (“border, fringe (of a garment)”) and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic צנפה (ṣanpā, “border, fringe (of a garment)”) and צנף (“to wrap or gird oneself”), but Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סנפא, סינפא (sinpā, “side-room”) seems also similar, via the idea of an anyhow abstract pigeonhole or خَانَة (ḵāna) things are fitted into, not emphatic but no doubt related because in the same isolect there is the geminate verb סנפ (“to gird”), which is also found in Classical Syriac, while the Syriac base stem ܣܢܱܦ (snap̄) means “to introduce, to insert”; apparently a Western Aramaic—Eastern Aramaic anlaut variation. For the meaning development in to a “sort” also contrast نَمَط (namaṭ, “drugget, horse-rug; pattern, manner”).
The ultimate origin is suggested by the Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou as ultimately Akkadian [script needed] (ṣiliptu, “diagonal”), related to Akkadian [script needed] (ṣalāpu, “to distort”), well also found in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic צלפ / Classical Syriac ܨܠܦ (ṣlap̄, “to split, to wound”), the geminate stem in Syriac and Jewish Literary Aramaic “to perforate” and “to wound”, the Syriac causative stem “to open up as to show”, with an unemphatic variant Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סלף (“to wound”), Jewish Literary Aramaic סלף (“to wound”).
Verb edit
صَنَّفَ • (ṣannafa) II, non-past يُصَنِّفُ (yuṣannifu)
- to sort, classify, or categorize something
- to compile or compose
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taṣnīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muṣannif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muṣannaf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣannaftu |
ṣannafta |
صَنَّفَ ṣannafa |
ṣannaftumā |
ṣannafā |
ṣannafnā |
ṣannaftum |
ṣannafū | |||
f | ṣannafti |
ṣannafat |
ṣannafatā |
ṣannaftunna |
ṣannafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuṣannifu |
tuṣannifu |
yuṣannifu |
tuṣannifāni |
yuṣannifāni |
nuṣannifu |
tuṣannifūna |
yuṣannifūna | |||
f | tuṣannifīna |
tuṣannifu |
tuṣannifāni |
tuṣannifna |
yuṣannifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuṣannifa |
tuṣannifa |
yuṣannifa |
tuṣannifā |
yuṣannifā |
nuṣannifa |
tuṣannifū |
yuṣannifū | |||
f | tuṣannifī |
tuṣannifa |
tuṣannifā |
tuṣannifna |
yuṣannifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuṣannif |
tuṣannif |
yuṣannif |
tuṣannifā |
yuṣannifā |
nuṣannif |
tuṣannifū |
yuṣannifū | |||
f | tuṣannifī |
tuṣannif |
tuṣannifā |
tuṣannifna |
yuṣannifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | صَنِّفْ ṣannif |
ṣannifā |
ṣannifū |
||||||||
f | ṣannifī |
ṣannifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣunniftu |
ṣunnifta |
صُنِّفَ ṣunnifa |
ṣunniftumā |
ṣunnifā |
ṣunnifnā |
ṣunniftum |
ṣunnifū | |||
f | ṣunnifti |
ṣunnifat |
ṣunnifatā |
ṣunniftunna |
ṣunnifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuṣannafu |
tuṣannafu |
yuṣannafu |
tuṣannafāni |
yuṣannafāni |
nuṣannafu |
tuṣannafūna |
yuṣannafūna | |||
f | tuṣannafīna |
tuṣannafu |
tuṣannafāni |
tuṣannafna |
yuṣannafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuṣannafa |
tuṣannafa |
yuṣannafa |
tuṣannafā |
yuṣannafā |
nuṣannafa |
tuṣannafū |
yuṣannafū | |||
f | tuṣannafī |
tuṣannafa |
tuṣannafā |
tuṣannafna |
yuṣannafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuṣannaf |
tuṣannaf |
yuṣannaf |
tuṣannafā |
yuṣannafā |
nuṣannaf |
tuṣannafū |
yuṣannafū | |||
f | tuṣannafī |
tuṣannaf |
tuṣannafā |
tuṣannafna |
yuṣannafna |
Noun edit
صِنْف • (ṣinf) m (plural أَصْنَاف (ʔaṣnāf))
صَنْف • (ṣanf) m (plural صُنُوف (ṣunūf))
- kind, sort, specimen
- class, genus, species, category
- (Classical Arabic) fringe, hem, border of a garment
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صِنْف ṣinf |
الصِّنْف aṣ-ṣinf |
صِنْف ṣinf |
Nominative | صِنْفٌ ṣinfun |
الصِّنْفُ aṣ-ṣinfu |
صِنْفُ ṣinfu |
Accusative | صِنْفًا ṣinfan |
الصِّنْفَ aṣ-ṣinfa |
صِنْفَ ṣinfa |
Genitive | صِنْفٍ ṣinfin |
الصِّنْفِ aṣ-ṣinfi |
صِنْفِ ṣinfi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | صِنْفَيْن ṣinfayn |
الصِّنْفَيْن aṣ-ṣinfayn |
صِنْفَيْ ṣinfay |
Nominative | صِنْفَانِ ṣinfāni |
الصِّنْفَانِ aṣ-ṣinfāni |
صِنْفَا ṣinfā |
Accusative | صِنْفَيْنِ ṣinfayni |
الصِّنْفَيْنِ aṣ-ṣinfayni |
صِنْفَيْ ṣinfay |
Genitive | صِنْفَيْنِ ṣinfayni |
الصِّنْفَيْنِ aṣ-ṣinfayni |
صِنْفَيْ ṣinfay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَصْنَاف ʔaṣnāf |
الْأَصْنَاف al-ʔaṣnāf |
أَصْنَاف ʔaṣnāf |
Nominative | أَصْنَافٌ ʔaṣnāfun |
الْأَصْنَافُ al-ʔaṣnāfu |
أَصْنَافُ ʔaṣnāfu |
Accusative | أَصْنَافًا ʔaṣnāfan |
الْأَصْنَافَ al-ʔaṣnāfa |
أَصْنَافَ ʔaṣnāfa |
Genitive | أَصْنَافٍ ʔaṣnāfin |
الْأَصْنَافِ al-ʔaṣnāfi |
أَصْنَافِ ʔaṣnāfi |
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صَنْف ṣanf |
الصَّنْف aṣ-ṣanf |
صَنْف ṣanf |
Nominative | صَنْفٌ ṣanfun |
الصَّنْفُ aṣ-ṣanfu |
صَنْفُ ṣanfu |
Accusative | صَنْفًا ṣanfan |
الصَّنْفَ aṣ-ṣanfa |
صَنْفَ ṣanfa |
Genitive | صَنْفٍ ṣanfin |
الصَّنْفِ aṣ-ṣanfi |
صَنْفِ ṣanfi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | صَنْفَيْن ṣanfayn |
الصَّنْفَيْن aṣ-ṣanfayn |
صَنْفَيْ ṣanfay |
Nominative | صَنْفَانِ ṣanfāni |
الصَّنْفَانِ aṣ-ṣanfāni |
صَنْفَا ṣanfā |
Accusative | صَنْفَيْنِ ṣanfayni |
الصَّنْفَيْنِ aṣ-ṣanfayni |
صَنْفَيْ ṣanfay |
Genitive | صَنْفَيْنِ ṣanfayni |
الصَّنْفَيْنِ aṣ-ṣanfayni |
صَنْفَيْ ṣanfay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صُنُوف ṣunūf |
الصُّنُوف aṣ-ṣunūf |
صُنُوف ṣunūf |
Nominative | صُنُوفٌ ṣunūfun |
الصُّنُوفُ aṣ-ṣunūfu |
صُنُوفُ ṣunūfu |
Accusative | صُنُوفًا ṣunūfan |
الصُّنُوفَ aṣ-ṣunūfa |
صُنُوفَ ṣunūfa |
Genitive | صُنُوفٍ ṣunūfin |
الصُّنُوفِ aṣ-ṣunūfi |
صُنُوفِ ṣunūfi |
Descendants edit
- → Azerbaijani: sinif
- → Bashkir: синыф (sinıf)
- → Kazakh: сынып (synyp)
- → Kyrgyz: сынып (sınıp)
- → Pashto: صنف
- → Ottoman Turkish: صنف
- → Persian: صنف
- → Spanish: cenefa
- → Tatar: сыйныф (sıynıf)
- → Tajik: синф (sinf)
- → Turkmen: synp
- → Uzbek: sinf
- → Uyghur: سىنىپ (sinip)
- → Greek: σινάφι (sináfi)
- → Swahili: sanifu
Etymology 2 edit
Perhaps via Mon [Term?].
Proper noun edit
صَنْف • (ṣanf) f (Classical Arabic)
- Champa (a historical region in Farther India)
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | صَنْف ṣanf |
— |
Nominative | — | صَنْفُ ṣanfu |
— |
Accusative | — | صَنْفَ ṣanfa |
— |
Genitive | — | صَنْفَ ṣanfa |
— |
Further reading edit
- Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 776
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “صنف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 526b–527a
- “ṣnp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “snp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ṣlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “slp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Arabic صِنْف (ṣinf).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sinf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [seɱf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [siɱf]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sinf |
Dari reading? | sinf |
Iranian reading? | senf |
Tajik reading? | sinf |
Noun edit
صنف • (senf) (plural اصناف (asnâf))
- (Dari) class (group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes)
- guild (a group of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Arabic صَنْف (ṣanf).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sanf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæɱf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [säɱf]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sanf |
Dari reading? | sanf |
Iranian reading? | sanf |
Tajik reading? | sanf |
Proper noun edit
صنف • (sanf)
- Champa (a historical region in Farther India)