ظهر

See also: طهر and ظ ه ر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ظ ه ر (ẓ h r)
15 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤa.ha.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

ظَهَرَ • (ẓahara) I (non-past يَظْهَرُ (yaẓharu), verbal noun ظُهُور (ẓuhūr))

1. to be outward, to be external, on the surface
2. to be visible, to become visible, to be manifest, to become manifest
3. to be perceptible, to become perceptible, to be obvious, to become obvious
4. to be clear, to become clear, to be evident, to become evident
5. to come to light, to appear, to emerge

1. to seem
2. to come out, to be published
3. to arise, to result
4. (transitive) to climb, to mount, to ascend

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ظَهَرَ (I, sound, a ~ a, full passive, verbal noun ظُهُور)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						ظُهُور ẓuhūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ظَاهِر ẓāhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَظْهُور maẓhūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَهَرْتُ ẓahartu	ظَهَرْتَ ẓaharta	ظَهَرَ ẓahara		ظَهَرْتُمَا ẓahartumā	ظَهَرَا ẓaharā		ظَهَرْنَا ẓaharnā	ظَهَرْتُمْ ẓahartum	ظَهَرُوا ẓaharū
	f		ظَهَرْتِ ẓaharti	ظَهَرَتْ ẓaharat			ظَهَرَتَا ẓaharatā			ظَهَرْتُنَّ ẓahartunna	ظَهَرْنَ ẓaharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَظْهَرُ ʔaẓharu	تَظْهَرُ taẓharu	يَظْهَرُ yaẓharu		تَظْهَرَانِ taẓharāni	يَظْهَرَانِ yaẓharāni		نَظْهَرُ naẓharu	تَظْهَرُونَ taẓharūna	يَظْهَرُونَ yaẓharūna
	f		تَظْهَرِينَ taẓharīna	تَظْهَرُ taẓharu			تَظْهَرَانِ taẓharāni			تَظْهَرْنَ taẓharna	يَظْهَرْنَ yaẓharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَظْهَرَ ʔaẓhara	تَظْهَرَ taẓhara	يَظْهَرَ yaẓhara		تَظْهَرَا taẓharā	يَظْهَرَا yaẓharā		نَظْهَرَ naẓhara	تَظْهَرُوا taẓharū	يَظْهَرُوا yaẓharū
	f		تَظْهَرِي taẓharī	تَظْهَرَ taẓhara			تَظْهَرَا taẓharā			تَظْهَرْنَ taẓharna	يَظْهَرْنَ yaẓharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَظْهَرْ ʔaẓhar	تَظْهَرْ taẓhar	يَظْهَرْ yaẓhar		تَظْهَرَا taẓharā	يَظْهَرَا yaẓharā		نَظْهَرْ naẓhar	تَظْهَرُوا taẓharū	يَظْهَرُوا yaẓharū
	f		تَظْهَرِي taẓharī	تَظْهَرْ taẓhar			تَظْهَرَا taẓharā			تَظْهَرْنَ taẓharna	يَظْهَرْنَ yaẓharna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِظْهَرْ iẓhar			اِظْهَرَا iẓharā				اِظْهَرُوا iẓharū
	f		اِظْهَرِي iẓharī							اِظْهَرْنَ iẓharna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظُهِرْتُ ẓuhirtu	ظُهِرْتَ ẓuhirta	ظُهِرَ ẓuhira		ظُهِرْتُمَا ẓuhirtumā	ظُهِرَا ẓuhirā		ظُهِرْنَا ẓuhirnā	ظُهِرْتُمْ ẓuhirtum	ظُهِرُوا ẓuhirū
	f		ظُهِرْتِ ẓuhirti	ظُهِرَتْ ẓuhirat			ظُهِرَتَا ẓuhiratā			ظُهِرْتُنَّ ẓuhirtunna	ظُهِرْنَ ẓuhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُظْهَرُ ʔuẓharu	تُظْهَرُ tuẓharu	يُظْهَرُ yuẓharu		تُظْهَرَانِ tuẓharāni	يُظْهَرَانِ yuẓharāni		نُظْهَرُ nuẓharu	تُظْهَرُونَ tuẓharūna	يُظْهَرُونَ yuẓharūna
	f		تُظْهَرِينَ tuẓharīna	تُظْهَرُ tuẓharu			تُظْهَرَانِ tuẓharāni			تُظْهَرْنَ tuẓharna	يُظْهَرْنَ yuẓharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُظْهَرَ ʔuẓhara	تُظْهَرَ tuẓhara	يُظْهَرَ yuẓhara		تُظْهَرَا tuẓharā	يُظْهَرَا yuẓharā		نُظْهَرَ nuẓhara	تُظْهَرُوا tuẓharū	يُظْهَرُوا yuẓharū
	f		تُظْهَرِي tuẓharī	تُظْهَرَ tuẓhara			تُظْهَرَا tuẓharā			تُظْهَرْنَ tuẓharna	يُظْهَرْنَ yuẓharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُظْهَرْ ʔuẓhar	تُظْهَرْ tuẓhar	يُظْهَرْ yuẓhar		تُظْهَرَا tuẓharā	يُظْهَرَا yuẓharā		نُظْهَرْ nuẓhar	تُظْهَرُوا tuẓharū	يُظْهَرُوا yuẓharū
	f		تُظْهَرِي tuẓharī	تُظْهَرْ tuẓhar			تُظْهَرَا tuẓharā			تُظْهَرْنَ tuẓharna	يُظْهَرْنَ yuẓharna

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤah.ha.ra/

Verb

ظَهَّرَ • (ẓahhara) II (non-past يُظَهِّرُ (yuẓahhiru), verbal noun تَظْهِير (taẓhīr))

1. to endorse

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ظَهَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَظْهِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَظْهِير taẓhīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُظَهِّر muẓahhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُظَهَّر muẓahhar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَهَّرْتُ ẓahhartu	ظَهَّرْتَ ẓahharta	ظَهَّرَ ẓahhara		ظَهَّرْتُمَا ẓahhartumā	ظَهَّرَا ẓahharā		ظَهَّرْنَا ẓahharnā	ظَهَّرْتُمْ ẓahhartum	ظَهَّرُوا ẓahharū
	f		ظَهَّرْتِ ẓahharti	ظَهَّرَتْ ẓahharat			ظَهَّرَتَا ẓahharatā			ظَهَّرْتُنَّ ẓahhartunna	ظَهَّرْنَ ẓahharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُظَهِّرُ ʔuẓahhiru	تُظَهِّرُ tuẓahhiru	يُظَهِّرُ yuẓahhiru		تُظَهِّرَانِ tuẓahhirāni	يُظَهِّرَانِ yuẓahhirāni		نُظَهِّرُ nuẓahhiru	تُظَهِّرُونَ tuẓahhirūna	يُظَهِّرُونَ yuẓahhirūna
	f		تُظَهِّرِينَ tuẓahhirīna	تُظَهِّرُ tuẓahhiru			تُظَهِّرَانِ tuẓahhirāni			تُظَهِّرْنَ tuẓahhirna	يُظَهِّرْنَ yuẓahhirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُظَهِّرَ ʔuẓahhira	تُظَهِّرَ tuẓahhira	يُظَهِّرَ yuẓahhira		تُظَهِّرَا tuẓahhirā	يُظَهِّرَا yuẓahhirā		نُظَهِّرَ nuẓahhira	تُظَهِّرُوا tuẓahhirū	يُظَهِّرُوا yuẓahhirū
	f		تُظَهِّرِي tuẓahhirī	تُظَهِّرَ tuẓahhira			تُظَهِّرَا tuẓahhirā			تُظَهِّرْنَ tuẓahhirna	يُظَهِّرْنَ yuẓahhirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُظَهِّرْ ʔuẓahhir	تُظَهِّرْ tuẓahhir	يُظَهِّرْ yuẓahhir		تُظَهِّرَا tuẓahhirā	يُظَهِّرَا yuẓahhirā		نُظَهِّرْ nuẓahhir	تُظَهِّرُوا tuẓahhirū	يُظَهِّرُوا yuẓahhirū
	f		تُظَهِّرِي tuẓahhirī	تُظَهِّرْ tuẓahhir			تُظَهِّرَا tuẓahhirā			تُظَهِّرْنَ tuẓahhirna	يُظَهِّرْنَ yuẓahhirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ظَهِّرْ ẓahhir			ظَهِّرَا ẓahhirā				ظَهِّرُوا ẓahhirū
	f		ظَهِّرِي ẓahhirī							ظَهِّرْنَ ẓahhirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظُهِّرْتُ ẓuhhirtu	ظُهِّرْتَ ẓuhhirta	ظُهِّرَ ẓuhhira		ظُهِّرْتُمَا ẓuhhirtumā	ظُهِّرَا ẓuhhirā		ظُهِّرْنَا ẓuhhirnā	ظُهِّرْتُمْ ẓuhhirtum	ظُهِّرُوا ẓuhhirū
	f		ظُهِّرْتِ ẓuhhirti	ظُهِّرَتْ ẓuhhirat			ظُهِّرَتَا ẓuhhiratā			ظُهِّرْتُنَّ ẓuhhirtunna	ظُهِّرْنَ ẓuhhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُظَهَّرُ ʔuẓahharu	تُظَهَّرُ tuẓahharu	يُظَهَّرُ yuẓahharu		تُظَهَّرَانِ tuẓahharāni	يُظَهَّرَانِ yuẓahharāni		نُظَهَّرُ nuẓahharu	تُظَهَّرُونَ tuẓahharūna	يُظَهَّرُونَ yuẓahharūna
	f		تُظَهَّرِينَ tuẓahharīna	تُظَهَّرُ tuẓahharu			تُظَهَّرَانِ tuẓahharāni			تُظَهَّرْنَ tuẓahharna	يُظَهَّرْنَ yuẓahharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُظَهَّرَ ʔuẓahhara	تُظَهَّرَ tuẓahhara	يُظَهَّرَ yuẓahhara		تُظَهَّرَا tuẓahharā	يُظَهَّرَا yuẓahharā		نُظَهَّرَ nuẓahhara	تُظَهَّرُوا tuẓahharū	يُظَهَّرُوا yuẓahharū
	f		تُظَهَّرِي tuẓahharī	تُظَهَّرَ tuẓahhara			تُظَهَّرَا tuẓahharā			تُظَهَّرْنَ tuẓahharna	يُظَهَّرْنَ yuẓahharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُظَهَّرْ ʔuẓahhar	تُظَهَّرْ tuẓahhar	يُظَهَّرْ yuẓahhar		تُظَهَّرَا tuẓahharā	يُظَهَّرَا yuẓahharā		نُظَهَّرْ nuẓahhar	تُظَهَّرُوا tuẓahharū	يُظَهَّرُوا yuẓahharū
	f		تُظَهَّرِي tuẓahharī	تُظَهَّرْ tuẓahhar			تُظَهَّرَا tuẓahharā			تُظَهَّرْنَ tuẓahharna	يُظَهَّرْنَ yuẓahharna

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤahr/

Noun

ظَهْر • (ẓahr) m (plural ظُهُور (ẓuhūr) or أَظْهُر (ʔaẓhur))

1. back, rear, reverse
2. deck, surface, top
3. (anatomy) back
4. cast iron

Declension

Declension of noun ظَهْر (ẓahr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَهْر ẓahr	الظَّهْر aẓ-ẓahr	ظَهْر ẓahr
Nominative	ظَهْرٌ ẓahrun	الظَّهْرُ aẓ-ẓahru	ظَهْرُ ẓahru
Accusative	ظَهْرًا ẓahran	الظَّهْرَ aẓ-ẓahra	ظَهْرَ ẓahra
Genitive	ظَهْرٍ ẓahrin	الظَّهْرِ aẓ-ẓahri	ظَهْرِ ẓahri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَهْرَيْن ẓahrayn	الظَّهْرَيْن aẓ-ẓahrayn	ظَهْرَيْ ẓahray
Nominative	ظَهْرَانِ ẓahrāni	الظَّهْرَانِ aẓ-ẓahrāni	ظَهْرَا ẓahrā
Accusative	ظَهْرَيْنِ ẓahrayni	الظَّهْرَيْنِ aẓ-ẓahrayni	ظَهْرَيْ ẓahray
Genitive	ظَهْرَيْنِ ẓahrayni	الظَّهْرَيْنِ aẓ-ẓahrayni	ظَهْرَيْ ẓahray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُهُور‎; أَظْهُر ẓuhūr‎; ʔaẓhur	الظُّهُور‎; الْأَظْهُر aẓ-ẓuhūr‎; al-ʔaẓhur	ظُهُور‎; أَظْهُر ẓuhūr‎; ʔaẓhur
Nominative	ظُهُورٌ‎; أَظْهُرٌ ẓuhūrun‎; ʔaẓhurun	الظُّهُورُ‎; الْأَظْهُرُ aẓ-ẓuhūru‎; al-ʔaẓhuru	ظُهُورُ‎; أَظْهُرُ ẓuhūru‎; ʔaẓhuru
Accusative	ظُهُورًا‎; أَظْهُرًا ẓuhūran‎; ʔaẓhuran	الظُّهُورَ‎; الْأَظْهُرَ aẓ-ẓuhūra‎; al-ʔaẓhura	ظُهُورَ‎; أَظْهُرَ ẓuhūra‎; ʔaẓhura
Genitive	ظُهُورٍ‎; أَظْهُرٍ ẓuhūrin‎; ʔaẓhurin	الظُّهُورِ‎; الْأَظْهُرِ aẓ-ẓuhūri‎; al-ʔaẓhuri	ظُهُورِ‎; أَظْهُرِ ẓuhūri‎; ʔaẓhuri

Etymology 4

Root
ظ ه ر (ẓ h r)
15 terms

Cognate to Hebrew צהריים \ צָהֳרַיִם (tsohoráyim) and צוהר \ צֹהַר (tsóhar), and Aramaic טהרא (ṭahrā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤuhr/

Noun

ظُهْر • (ẓuhr) m (plural أَظْهَار (ʔaẓhār))

1. noon, midday
2. (Islam) midday prayer
3. afternoon, p.m.

Declension

Declension of noun ظُهْر (ẓuhr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُهْر ẓuhr	الظُّهْر aẓ-ẓuhr	ظُهْر ẓuhr
Nominative	ظُهْرٌ ẓuhrun	الظُّهْرُ aẓ-ẓuhru	ظُهْرُ ẓuhru
Accusative	ظُهْرًا ẓuhran	الظُّهْرَ aẓ-ẓuhra	ظُهْرَ ẓuhra
Genitive	ظُهْرٍ ẓuhrin	الظُّهْرِ aẓ-ẓuhri	ظُهْرِ ẓuhri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُهْرَيْن ẓuhrayn	الظُّهْرَيْن aẓ-ẓuhrayn	ظُهْرَيْ ẓuhray
Nominative	ظُهْرَانِ ẓuhrāni	الظُّهْرَانِ aẓ-ẓuhrāni	ظُهْرَا ẓuhrā
Accusative	ظُهْرَيْنِ ẓuhrayni	الظُّهْرَيْنِ aẓ-ẓuhrayni	ظُهْرَيْ ẓuhray
Genitive	ظُهْرَيْنِ ẓuhrayni	الظُّهْرَيْنِ aẓ-ẓuhrayni	ظُهْرَيْ ẓuhray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَظْهَار ʔaẓhār	الْأَظْهَار al-ʔaẓhār	أَظْهَار ʔaẓhār
Nominative	أَظْهَارٌ ʔaẓhārun	الْأَظْهَارُ al-ʔaẓhāru	أَظْهَارُ ʔaẓhāru
Accusative	أَظْهَارًا ʔaẓhāran	الْأَظْهَارَ al-ʔaẓhāra	أَظْهَارَ ʔaẓhāra
Genitive	أَظْهَارٍ ʔaẓhārin	الْأَظْهَارِ al-ʔaẓhāri	أَظْهَارِ ʔaẓhāri

Descendants

• Hijazi Arabic: ظُهُر (ḍuhur)
• South Levantine Arabic: ضُهُر (ḍuhur)
• → English: dhuhr
• → Indonesian: zuhur
• → Javanese: ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ (luhur)
• → Persian: ظهر (zohr)
• → Swahili: adhuhuri

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ظهر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ظ ه ر
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤu.hur/, /ðˤu.hur/

Noun

ظهر • (ḍuhur) m (construct state ظُهْر (ḍuhr), plural أظهار (ʔaḍhār))

1. noon, midday
2. (Islam) midday prayer

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظَهْر (ẓahr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤa.har/, /ðˤa.har/

Noun

ظهر • (ḍahar) m (construct state ظَهْر (ḍahr), plural ظُهُور (ḍuhūr))

1. (anatomy) back (rear of the body)

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zuhɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zo̞ɦɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zo̞ɦɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zoːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zʊːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zoɦɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zɵhɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	zuhr
Dari reading?	zohr
Iranian reading?	zohr
Tajik reading?	zühr

Noun

Dari	ظهر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зӯҳр

ظهر • (zohr)

1. noon, midday

   Synonym: نیمروز (nimruz)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic ظَهْر (ẓahr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zahɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäɦɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäɦɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zɑːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zɔːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zæɦɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zäɦɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	zahr
Dari reading?	zahr
Iranian reading?	zahr
Tajik reading?	zahr

Noun

ظهر • (zahr)

1. (anatomy, obsolete) back

   Synonym: پشت (pošt)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ظ ه ر
1 term

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَهَرَ (ẓahara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zˤa.har/, [ˈzˤɑ.hɑrˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

ظهر • (ẓahar) I (present بظهر (biẓhir))

1. to appear, to seem

   Synonym: بيّن (bayyan)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ظهر (ẓahar)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ظهرت (ẓahart)	ظهرت (ẓahart)	ظهر (ẓahar)		ظهرنا (ẓaharna)	ظهرتو (ẓahartu)	ظهرو (ẓaharu)
	f		ظهرتي (ẓaharti)	ظهرت (ẓahrat)
present	m	بظهر (baẓhir)	بتظهر (btiẓhir)	بظهر (biẓhir)		منظهر (mniẓhir)	بتظهرو (btiẓhiru)	بظهرو (biẓhiru)
	f		بتظهري (btiẓhiri)	بتظهر (btiẓhir)
subjunctive	m	أظهر (ʔaẓhir)	تظهر (tiẓhir)	يظهر (yiẓhir)		نظهر (niẓhir)	تظهرو (tiẓhiru)	يظهرو (yiẓhiru)
	f		تظهري (tiẓhiri)	تظهر (tiẓhir)
imperative	m		اظهر (iẓhir)				اظهرو (iẓhiru)
	f		اظهري (iẓhiri)

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤuhr/, [ˈdˤʊ.h(o)rˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

ظهر • (ḍuhr) m

1. noon

   بعد الظهر ― baʕd iḍ-ḍuhr ― afternoon

2. time, instance

   Synonym: مرّة (marra)

Etymology 3

From Arabic ظَهْر (ẓahr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤahr/, [ˈdˤɑ.h(ɪ)rˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

ظهر • (ḍahr) m

1. back (of the body)