ظهر

See also: طهر‎ and ظ ه ر‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ظ ه ر‎ (ẓ-h-r).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤa.ha.ra/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

ظَهَرَ • (ẓahara) I, non-past يَظْهَرُ‎‎ (yaẓharu)

1. to be outward, to be external, on the surface
2. to be visible, to become visible, to be manifest, to become manifest
3. to be perceptible, to become perceptible, to be obvious, to become obvious
4. to be clear, to become clear, to be evident, to become evident
5. to come to light, to appear, to emerge
6. to seem
7. to come out, to be published
8. to arise, to result
9. (transitive) to climb, to mount, to ascend

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ظَهَرَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun ظُهُور)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						ظُهُور‎ ẓuhūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ظَاهِر‎ ẓāhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَظْهُور‎ maẓhūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَهَرْتُ‎ ẓahartu	ظَهَرْتَ‎ ẓaharta	ظَهَرَ ẓahara		ظَهَرْتُمَا‎ ẓahartumā	ظَهَرَا‎ ẓaharā		ظَهَرْنَا‎ ẓaharnā	ظَهَرْتُمْ‎ ẓahartum	ظَهَرُوا‎ ẓaharū
	f		ظَهَرْتِ‎ ẓaharti	ظَهَرَتْ‎ ẓaharat			ظَهَرَتَا‎ ẓaharatā			ظَهَرْتُنَّ‎ ẓahartunna	ظَهَرْنَ‎ ẓaharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَظْهَرُ‎ ʾaẓharu	تَظْهَرُ‎ taẓharu	يَظْهَرُ‎ yaẓharu		تَظْهَرَانِ‎ taẓharāni	يَظْهَرَانِ‎ yaẓharāni		نَظْهَرُ‎ naẓharu	تَظْهَرُونَ‎ taẓharūna	يَظْهَرُونَ‎ yaẓharūna
	f		تَظْهَرِينَ‎ taẓharīna	تَظْهَرُ‎ taẓharu			تَظْهَرَانِ‎ taẓharāni			تَظْهَرْنَ‎ taẓharna	يَظْهَرْنَ‎ yaẓharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَظْهَرَ‎ ʾaẓhara	تَظْهَرَ‎ taẓhara	يَظْهَرَ‎ yaẓhara		تَظْهَرَا‎ taẓharā	يَظْهَرَا‎ yaẓharā		نَظْهَرَ‎ naẓhara	تَظْهَرُوا‎ taẓharū	يَظْهَرُوا‎ yaẓharū
	f		تَظْهَرِي‎ taẓharī	تَظْهَرَ‎ taẓhara			تَظْهَرَا‎ taẓharā			تَظْهَرْنَ‎ taẓharna	يَظْهَرْنَ‎ yaẓharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَظْهَرْ‎ ʾaẓhar	تَظْهَرْ‎ taẓhar	يَظْهَرْ‎ yaẓhar		تَظْهَرَا‎ taẓharā	يَظْهَرَا‎ yaẓharā		نَظْهَرْ‎ naẓhar	تَظْهَرُوا‎ taẓharū	يَظْهَرُوا‎ yaẓharū
	f		تَظْهَرِي‎ taẓharī	تَظْهَرْ‎ taẓhar			تَظْهَرَا‎ taẓharā			تَظْهَرْنَ‎ taẓharna	يَظْهَرْنَ‎ yaẓharna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِظْهَرْ‎ iẓhar			اِظْهَرَا‎ iẓharā				اِظْهَرُوا‎ iẓharū
	f		اِظْهَرِي‎ iẓharī							اِظْهَرْنَ‎ iẓharna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظُهِرْتُ‎ ẓuhirtu	ظُهِرْتَ‎ ẓuhirta	ظُهِرَ ẓuhira		ظُهِرْتُمَا‎ ẓuhirtumā	ظُهِرَا‎ ẓuhirā		ظُهِرْنَا‎ ẓuhirnā	ظُهِرْتُمْ‎ ẓuhirtum	ظُهِرُوا‎ ẓuhirū
	f		ظُهِرْتِ‎ ẓuhirti	ظُهِرَتْ‎ ẓuhirat			ظُهِرَتَا‎ ẓuhiratā			ظُهِرْتُنَّ‎ ẓuhirtunna	ظُهِرْنَ‎ ẓuhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُظْهَرُ‎ ʾuẓharu	تُظْهَرُ‎ tuẓharu	يُظْهَرُ‎ yuẓharu		تُظْهَرَانِ‎ tuẓharāni	يُظْهَرَانِ‎ yuẓharāni		نُظْهَرُ‎ nuẓharu	تُظْهَرُونَ‎ tuẓharūna	يُظْهَرُونَ‎ yuẓharūna
	f		تُظْهَرِينَ‎ tuẓharīna	تُظْهَرُ‎ tuẓharu			تُظْهَرَانِ‎ tuẓharāni			تُظْهَرْنَ‎ tuẓharna	يُظْهَرْنَ‎ yuẓharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُظْهَرَ‎ ʾuẓhara	تُظْهَرَ‎ tuẓhara	يُظْهَرَ‎ yuẓhara		تُظْهَرَا‎ tuẓharā	يُظْهَرَا‎ yuẓharā		نُظْهَرَ‎ nuẓhara	تُظْهَرُوا‎ tuẓharū	يُظْهَرُوا‎ yuẓharū
	f		تُظْهَرِي‎ tuẓharī	تُظْهَرَ‎ tuẓhara			تُظْهَرَا‎ tuẓharā			تُظْهَرْنَ‎ tuẓharna	يُظْهَرْنَ‎ yuẓharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُظْهَرْ‎ ʾuẓhar	تُظْهَرْ‎ tuẓhar	يُظْهَرْ‎ yuẓhar		تُظْهَرَا‎ tuẓharā	يُظْهَرَا‎ yuẓharā		نُظْهَرْ‎ nuẓhar	تُظْهَرُوا‎ tuẓharū	يُظْهَرُوا‎ yuẓharū
	f		تُظْهَرِي‎ tuẓharī	تُظْهَرْ‎ tuẓhar			تُظْهَرَا‎ tuẓharā			تُظْهَرْنَ‎ tuẓharna	يُظْهَرْنَ‎ yuẓharna

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤah.ha.ra/

Verb

ظَهَّرَ • (ẓahhara) II, non-past يُظَهِّرُ‎‎ (yuẓahhiru)

1. to endorse

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ظَهَّرَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَظْهِير‎ taẓhīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُظَهِّر‎ muẓahhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُظَهَّر‎ muẓahhar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَهَّرْتُ‎ ẓahhartu	ظَهَّرْتَ‎ ẓahharta	ظَهَّرَ ẓahhara		ظَهَّرْتُمَا‎ ẓahhartumā	ظَهَّرَا‎ ẓahharā		ظَهَّرْنَا‎ ẓahharnā	ظَهَّرْتُمْ‎ ẓahhartum	ظَهَّرُوا‎ ẓahharū
	f		ظَهَّرْتِ‎ ẓahharti	ظَهَّرَتْ‎ ẓahharat			ظَهَّرَتَا‎ ẓahharatā			ظَهَّرْتُنَّ‎ ẓahhartunna	ظَهَّرْنَ‎ ẓahharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُظَهِّرُ‎ ʾuẓahhiru	تُظَهِّرُ‎ tuẓahhiru	يُظَهِّرُ‎ yuẓahhiru		تُظَهِّرَانِ‎ tuẓahhirāni	يُظَهِّرَانِ‎ yuẓahhirāni		نُظَهِّرُ‎ nuẓahhiru	تُظَهِّرُونَ‎ tuẓahhirūna	يُظَهِّرُونَ‎ yuẓahhirūna
	f		تُظَهِّرِينَ‎ tuẓahhirīna	تُظَهِّرُ‎ tuẓahhiru			تُظَهِّرَانِ‎ tuẓahhirāni			تُظَهِّرْنَ‎ tuẓahhirna	يُظَهِّرْنَ‎ yuẓahhirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُظَهِّرَ‎ ʾuẓahhira	تُظَهِّرَ‎ tuẓahhira	يُظَهِّرَ‎ yuẓahhira		تُظَهِّرَا‎ tuẓahhirā	يُظَهِّرَا‎ yuẓahhirā		نُظَهِّرَ‎ nuẓahhira	تُظَهِّرُوا‎ tuẓahhirū	يُظَهِّرُوا‎ yuẓahhirū
	f		تُظَهِّرِي‎ tuẓahhirī	تُظَهِّرَ‎ tuẓahhira			تُظَهِّرَا‎ tuẓahhirā			تُظَهِّرْنَ‎ tuẓahhirna	يُظَهِّرْنَ‎ yuẓahhirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُظَهِّرْ‎ ʾuẓahhir	تُظَهِّرْ‎ tuẓahhir	يُظَهِّرْ‎ yuẓahhir		تُظَهِّرَا‎ tuẓahhirā	يُظَهِّرَا‎ yuẓahhirā		نُظَهِّرْ‎ nuẓahhir	تُظَهِّرُوا‎ tuẓahhirū	يُظَهِّرُوا‎ yuẓahhirū
	f		تُظَهِّرِي‎ tuẓahhirī	تُظَهِّرْ‎ tuẓahhir			تُظَهِّرَا‎ tuẓahhirā			تُظَهِّرْنَ‎ tuẓahhirna	يُظَهِّرْنَ‎ yuẓahhirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ظَهِّرْ ẓahhir			ظَهِّرَا‎ ẓahhirā				ظَهِّرُوا‎ ẓahhirū
	f		ظَهِّرِي‎ ẓahhirī							ظَهِّرْنَ‎ ẓahhirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظُهِّرْتُ‎ ẓuhhirtu	ظُهِّرْتَ‎ ẓuhhirta	ظُهِّرَ ẓuhhira		ظُهِّرْتُمَا‎ ẓuhhirtumā	ظُهِّرَا‎ ẓuhhirā		ظُهِّرْنَا‎ ẓuhhirnā	ظُهِّرْتُمْ‎ ẓuhhirtum	ظُهِّرُوا‎ ẓuhhirū
	f		ظُهِّرْتِ‎ ẓuhhirti	ظُهِّرَتْ‎ ẓuhhirat			ظُهِّرَتَا‎ ẓuhhiratā			ظُهِّرْتُنَّ‎ ẓuhhirtunna	ظُهِّرْنَ‎ ẓuhhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُظَهَّرُ‎ ʾuẓahharu	تُظَهَّرُ‎ tuẓahharu	يُظَهَّرُ‎ yuẓahharu		تُظَهَّرَانِ‎ tuẓahharāni	يُظَهَّرَانِ‎ yuẓahharāni		نُظَهَّرُ‎ nuẓahharu	تُظَهَّرُونَ‎ tuẓahharūna	يُظَهَّرُونَ‎ yuẓahharūna
	f		تُظَهَّرِينَ‎ tuẓahharīna	تُظَهَّرُ‎ tuẓahharu			تُظَهَّرَانِ‎ tuẓahharāni			تُظَهَّرْنَ‎ tuẓahharna	يُظَهَّرْنَ‎ yuẓahharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُظَهَّرَ‎ ʾuẓahhara	تُظَهَّرَ‎ tuẓahhara	يُظَهَّرَ‎ yuẓahhara		تُظَهَّرَا‎ tuẓahharā	يُظَهَّرَا‎ yuẓahharā		نُظَهَّرَ‎ nuẓahhara	تُظَهَّرُوا‎ tuẓahharū	يُظَهَّرُوا‎ yuẓahharū
	f		تُظَهَّرِي‎ tuẓahharī	تُظَهَّرَ‎ tuẓahhara			تُظَهَّرَا‎ tuẓahharā			تُظَهَّرْنَ‎ tuẓahharna	يُظَهَّرْنَ‎ yuẓahharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُظَهَّرْ‎ ʾuẓahhar	تُظَهَّرْ‎ tuẓahhar	يُظَهَّرْ‎ yuẓahhar		تُظَهَّرَا‎ tuẓahharā	يُظَهَّرَا‎ yuẓahharā		نُظَهَّرْ‎ nuẓahhar	تُظَهَّرُوا‎ tuẓahharū	يُظَهَّرُوا‎ yuẓahharū
	f		تُظَهَّرِي‎ tuẓahharī	تُظَهَّرْ‎ tuẓahhar			تُظَهَّرَا‎ tuẓahharā			تُظَهَّرْنَ‎ tuẓahharna	يُظَهَّرْنَ‎ yuẓahharna

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤahr/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /dˤa.har/

Noun

ظَهْر • (ẓahr) m (plural ظُهُور‎ (ẓuhūr) or أَظْهُر‎ (ʾaẓhur))

1. back, rear, reverse
2. deck, surface, top
3. (anatomy) back
4. cast iron

Declension

Declension of noun ظَهْر (ẓahr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَهْر ẓahr	الظَّهْر‎ aẓ-ẓahr	ظَهْر ẓahr
Nominative	ظَهْرٌ ẓahrun	الظَّهْرُ‎ aẓ-ẓahru	ظَهْرُ ẓahru
Accusative	ظَهْرًا‎ ẓahran	الظَّهْرَ‎ aẓ-ẓahra	ظَهْرَ ẓahra
Genitive	ظَهْرٍ ẓahrin	الظَّهْرِ‎ aẓ-ẓahri	ظَهْرِ ẓahri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَهْرَيْن‎ ẓahrayn	الظَّهْرَيْن‎ aẓ-ẓahrayn	ظَهْرَيْ‎ ẓahray
Nominative	ظَهْرَانِ‎ ẓahrāni	الظَّهْرَانِ‎ aẓ-ẓahrāni	ظَهْرَا‎ ẓahrā
Accusative	ظَهْرَيْنِ‎ ẓahrayni	الظَّهْرَيْنِ‎ aẓ-ẓahrayni	ظَهْرَيْ‎ ẓahray
Genitive	ظَهْرَيْنِ‎ ẓahrayni	الظَّهْرَيْنِ‎ aẓ-ẓahrayni	ظَهْرَيْ‎ ẓahray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُهُور‎‎; أَظْهُر‎ ẓuhūr‎; ʾaẓhur	الظُّهُور‎‎; الْأَظْهُر‎ aẓ-ẓuhūr‎; al-ʾaẓhur	ظُهُور‎‎; أَظْهُر‎ ẓuhūr‎; ʾaẓhur
Nominative	ظُهُورٌ‎‎; أَظْهُرٌ‎ ẓuhūrun‎; ʾaẓhurun	الظُّهُورُ‎‎; الْأَظْهُرُ‎ aẓ-ẓuhūru‎; al-ʾaẓhuru	ظُهُورُ‎‎; أَظْهُرُ‎ ẓuhūru‎; ʾaẓhuru
Accusative	ظُهُورًا‎‎; أَظْهُرًا‎ ẓuhūran‎; ʾaẓhuran	الظُّهُورَ‎‎; الْأَظْهُرَ‎ aẓ-ẓuhūra‎; al-ʾaẓhura	ظُهُورَ‎‎; أَظْهُرَ‎ ẓuhūra‎; ʾaẓhura
Genitive	ظُهُورٍ‎‎; أَظْهُرٍ‎ ẓuhūrin‎; ʾaẓhurin	الظُّهُورِ‎‎; الْأَظْهُرِ‎ aẓ-ẓuhūri‎; al-ʾaẓhuri	ظُهُورِ‎‎; أَظْهُرِ‎ ẓuhūri‎; ʾaẓhuri

Etymology 4

From the root ظ ه ر‎ (ẓ-h-r). Cognate to Hebrew צהריים \ צָהֳרַיִם‎ (tsohoráyim) and צוהר \ צֹהַר‎ (tsóhar), and Aramaic טהרא‎ (ṭahrā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤuhr/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /dˤu.hur/

Noun

ظُهْر • (ẓuhr) m (plural أَظْهَار‎ (ʾaẓhār))

1. noon, midday
2. (Islam) midday prayer
3. afternoon, p.m.

Declension

Declension of noun ظُهْر (ẓuhr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُهْر ẓuhr	الظُّهْر‎ aẓ-ẓuhr	ظُهْر ẓuhr
Nominative	ظُهْرٌ ẓuhrun	الظُّهْرُ‎ aẓ-ẓuhru	ظُهْرُ ẓuhru
Accusative	ظُهْرًا‎ ẓuhran	الظُّهْرَ‎ aẓ-ẓuhra	ظُهْرَ ẓuhra
Genitive	ظُهْرٍ ẓuhrin	الظُّهْرِ‎ aẓ-ẓuhri	ظُهْرِ ẓuhri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظُهْرَيْن‎ ẓuhrayn	الظُّهْرَيْن‎ aẓ-ẓuhrayn	ظُهْرَيْ‎ ẓuhray
Nominative	ظُهْرَانِ‎ ẓuhrāni	الظُّهْرَانِ‎ aẓ-ẓuhrāni	ظُهْرَا‎ ẓuhrā
Accusative	ظُهْرَيْنِ‎ ẓuhrayni	الظُّهْرَيْنِ‎ aẓ-ẓuhrayni	ظُهْرَيْ‎ ẓuhray
Genitive	ظُهْرَيْنِ‎ ẓuhrayni	الظُّهْرَيْنِ‎ aẓ-ẓuhrayni	ظُهْرَيْ‎ ẓuhray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَظْهَار‎ ʾaẓhār	الْأَظْهَار‎ al-ʾaẓhār	أَظْهَار‎ ʾaẓhār
Nominative	أَظْهَارٌ‎ ʾaẓhārun	الْأَظْهَارُ‎ al-ʾaẓhāru	أَظْهَارُ‎ ʾaẓhāru
Accusative	أَظْهَارًا‎ ʾaẓhāran	الْأَظْهَارَ‎ al-ʾaẓhāra	أَظْهَارَ‎ ʾaẓhāra
Genitive	أَظْهَارٍ‎ ʾaẓhārin	الْأَظْهَارِ‎ al-ʾaẓhāri	أَظْهَارِ‎ ʾaẓhāri

Descendants

• Hijazi Arabic: ظُهُر‎
• Persian: ظهر‎
• Swahili: adhuhuri
• English: dhuhr
• Indonesian: zuhur

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “ظهر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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Hijazi Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic ظُهْر‎ (ẓuhr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤuhur/

Noun

ظُهُر • (ḍuhur) m

1. noon

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظَهْر‎ (ẓahr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤahar/

Noun

ظَهَر • (ḍahar) m

1. (anatomy) back

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Persian

Etymology 1

From Arabic ظهر‎ (ẓahr).

Noun

ظهر • (zahr)

1. (anatomy) back (anatomy)

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظهر‎ (ẓuhr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /zuhɾ/
• (Dari): IPA^(key): /zʊhɾ/
• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /zohɾ/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /zɵːhɾ/

Dari Persian	ظهر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зӯҳр (zühr)

Noun

ظهر • (zohr)

1. noon
2. midday