نعل
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Root |
---|
ن ع ل (n-ʕ-l) |
- Compare for the “shoe” noun Classical Syriac ܢܥܠܐ (naʿlā), Hebrew נַעַל (náʿal)
- Perhaps related to Ge'ez ንዑልት (nəʿult), ኑዑልት (nuʿult, “widow married by levirate marriage”) because, according to Dillmann, the ceremony of the levirate marriage seems to involve the bridegroom throwing a shoe in the biblical passages where it is found – but this Ethiopic word is perhaps from Cushitic; Cushitic was unknown in Dillmann’s time, which forced Semitic explanations of Ethiopic.
- Likely related to Akkadian 𒈿 (nâlu, niālu, “to lie down”) and its derivations related to “spreading”
- In the view of this general “spreading” meaning in Akkadian, likely related to Ugaritic 𐎐𐎓𐎍 (nʿl) which is variously glossed: “palanquin”, “sandal”, “robe”
- ➜ Apparently the later Semitic languages have specialised a “spreading” meaning to a “shoeing” meaning
Pronunciation 1 edit
Verb edit
نَعَلَ • (naʕala) I, non-past يَنْعَلُ (yanʕalu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
نَعْل naʕl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
nāʕil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
manʕūl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | naʕaltu |
naʕalta |
نَعَلَ naʕala |
naʕaltumā |
naʕalā |
naʕalnā |
naʕaltum |
naʕalū | |||
f | naʕalti |
naʕalat |
naʕalatā |
naʕaltunna |
naʕalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔanʕalu |
tanʕalu |
yanʕalu |
tanʕalāni |
yanʕalāni |
nanʕalu |
tanʕalūna |
yanʕalūna | |||
f | tanʕalīna |
tanʕalu |
tanʕalāni |
tanʕalna |
yanʕalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔanʕala |
tanʕala |
yanʕala |
tanʕalā |
yanʕalā |
nanʕala |
tanʕalū |
yanʕalū | |||
f | tanʕalī |
tanʕala |
tanʕalā |
tanʕalna |
yanʕalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔanʕal |
tanʕal |
yanʕal |
tanʕalā |
yanʕalā |
nanʕal |
tanʕalū |
yanʕalū | |||
f | tanʕalī |
tanʕal |
tanʕalā |
tanʕalna |
yanʕalna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | inʕal |
inʕalā |
inʕalū |
||||||||
f | inʕalī |
inʕalna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | nuʕiltu |
nuʕilta |
نُعِلَ nuʕila |
nuʕiltumā |
nuʕilā |
nuʕilnā |
nuʕiltum |
nuʕilū | |||
f | nuʕilti |
nuʕilat |
nuʕilatā |
nuʕiltunna |
nuʕilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔunʕalu |
tunʕalu |
yunʕalu |
tunʕalāni |
yunʕalāni |
nunʕalu |
tunʕalūna |
yunʕalūna | |||
f | tunʕalīna |
tunʕalu |
tunʕalāni |
tunʕalna |
yunʕalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔunʕala |
tunʕala |
yunʕala |
tunʕalā |
yunʕalā |
nunʕala |
tunʕalū |
yunʕalū | |||
f | tunʕalī |
tunʕala |
tunʕalā |
tunʕalna |
yunʕalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔunʕal |
tunʕal |
yunʕal |
tunʕalā |
yunʕalā |
nunʕal |
tunʕalū |
yunʕalū | |||
f | tunʕalī |
tunʕal |
tunʕalā |
tunʕalna |
yunʕalna |
Pronunciation 2 edit
Verb edit
نَعِلَ • (naʕila) I, non-past يَنْعَلُ (yanʕalu)
- to be shoed
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
نَعَل naʕal | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
nāʕil | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | naʕiltu |
naʕilta |
نَعِلَ naʕila |
naʕiltumā |
naʕilā |
naʕilnā |
naʕiltum |
naʕilū | |||
f | naʕilti |
naʕilat |
naʕilatā |
naʕiltunna |
naʕilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔanʕalu |
tanʕalu |
yanʕalu |
tanʕalāni |
yanʕalāni |
nanʕalu |
tanʕalūna |
yanʕalūna | |||
f | tanʕalīna |
tanʕalu |
tanʕalāni |
tanʕalna |
yanʕalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔanʕala |
tanʕala |
yanʕala |
tanʕalā |
yanʕalā |
nanʕala |
tanʕalū |
yanʕalū | |||
f | tanʕalī |
tanʕala |
tanʕalā |
tanʕalna |
yanʕalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔanʕal |
tanʕal |
yanʕal |
tanʕalā |
yanʕalā |
nanʕal |
tanʕalū |
yanʕalū | |||
f | tanʕalī |
tanʕal |
tanʕalā |
tanʕalna |
yanʕalna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | inʕal |
inʕalā |
inʕalū |
||||||||
f | inʕalī |
inʕalna |
Pronunciation 3 edit
Verb edit
نَعَّلَ • (naʕʕala) II, non-past يُنَعِّلُ (yunaʕʕilu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tanʕīl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
munaʕʕil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
munaʕʕal | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | naʕʕaltu |
naʕʕalta |
نَعَّلَ naʕʕala |
naʕʕaltumā |
naʕʕalā |
naʕʕalnā |
naʕʕaltum |
naʕʕalū | |||
f | naʕʕalti |
naʕʕalat |
naʕʕalatā |
naʕʕaltunna |
naʕʕalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔunaʕʕilu |
tunaʕʕilu |
yunaʕʕilu |
tunaʕʕilāni |
yunaʕʕilāni |
nunaʕʕilu |
tunaʕʕilūna |
yunaʕʕilūna | |||
f | tunaʕʕilīna |
tunaʕʕilu |
tunaʕʕilāni |
tunaʕʕilna |
yunaʕʕilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔunaʕʕila |
tunaʕʕila |
yunaʕʕila |
tunaʕʕilā |
yunaʕʕilā |
nunaʕʕila |
tunaʕʕilū |
yunaʕʕilū | |||
f | tunaʕʕilī |
tunaʕʕila |
tunaʕʕilā |
tunaʕʕilna |
yunaʕʕilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔunaʕʕil |
tunaʕʕil |
yunaʕʕil |
tunaʕʕilā |
yunaʕʕilā |
nunaʕʕil |
tunaʕʕilū |
yunaʕʕilū | |||
f | tunaʕʕilī |
tunaʕʕil |
tunaʕʕilā |
tunaʕʕilna |
yunaʕʕilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | نَعِّلْ naʕʕil |
naʕʕilā |
naʕʕilū |
||||||||
f | naʕʕilī |
naʕʕilna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | nuʕʕiltu |
nuʕʕilta |
نُعِّلَ nuʕʕila |
nuʕʕiltumā |
nuʕʕilā |
nuʕʕilnā |
nuʕʕiltum |
nuʕʕilū | |||
f | nuʕʕilti |
nuʕʕilat |
nuʕʕilatā |
nuʕʕiltunna |
nuʕʕilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔunaʕʕalu |
tunaʕʕalu |
yunaʕʕalu |
tunaʕʕalāni |
yunaʕʕalāni |
nunaʕʕalu |
tunaʕʕalūna |
yunaʕʕalūna | |||
f | tunaʕʕalīna |
tunaʕʕalu |
tunaʕʕalāni |
tunaʕʕalna |
yunaʕʕalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔunaʕʕala |
tunaʕʕala |
yunaʕʕala |
tunaʕʕalā |
yunaʕʕalā |
nunaʕʕala |
tunaʕʕalū |
yunaʕʕalū | |||
f | tunaʕʕalī |
tunaʕʕala |
tunaʕʕalā |
tunaʕʕalna |
yunaʕʕalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔunaʕʕal |
tunaʕʕal |
yunaʕʕal |
tunaʕʕalā |
yunaʕʕalā |
nunaʕʕal |
tunaʕʕalū |
yunaʕʕalū | |||
f | tunaʕʕalī |
tunaʕʕal |
tunaʕʕalā |
tunaʕʕalna |
yunaʕʕalna |
Pronunciation 4 edit
Noun edit
نَعْل • (naʕl) m (plural نِعَال (niʕāl) or أَنْعُل (ʔanʕul))
- verbal noun of نَعَلَ (naʕala) (form I)
- (dated) any covering for human or animal feet, a shoe (such as human footwear or a horseshoe)
- Synonym: حِذَاء (ḥiḏāʔ)
- (modern) a light shoe for human feet (such as a slipper)
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نَعْل naʕl |
النَّعْل an-naʕl |
نَعْل naʕl |
Nominative | نَعْلٌ naʕlun |
النَّعْلُ an-naʕlu |
نَعْلُ naʕlu |
Accusative | نَعْلًا naʕlan |
النَّعْلَ an-naʕla |
نَعْلَ naʕla |
Genitive | نَعْلٍ naʕlin |
النَّعْلِ an-naʕli |
نَعْلِ naʕli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | نَعْلَيْن naʕlayn |
النَّعْلَيْن an-naʕlayn |
نَعْلَيْ naʕlay |
Nominative | نَعْلَانِ naʕlāni |
النَّعْلَانِ an-naʕlāni |
نَعْلَا naʕlā |
Accusative | نَعْلَيْنِ naʕlayni |
النَّعْلَيْنِ an-naʕlayni |
نَعْلَيْ naʕlay |
Genitive | نَعْلَيْنِ naʕlayni |
النَّعْلَيْنِ an-naʕlayni |
نَعْلَيْ naʕlay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نِعَال; أَنْعُل niʕāl; ʔanʕul |
النِّعَال; الْأَنْعُل an-niʕāl; al-ʔanʕul |
نِعَال; أَنْعُل niʕāl; ʔanʕul |
Nominative | نِعَالٌ; أَنْعُلٌ niʕālun; ʔanʕulun |
النِّعَالُ; الْأَنْعُلُ an-niʕālu; al-ʔanʕulu |
نِعَالُ; أَنْعُلُ niʕālu; ʔanʕulu |
Accusative | نِعَالًا; أَنْعُلًا niʕālan; ʔanʕulan |
النِّعَالَ; الْأَنْعُلَ an-niʕāla; al-ʔanʕula |
نِعَالَ; أَنْعُلَ niʕāla; ʔanʕula |
Genitive | نِعَالٍ; أَنْعُلٍ niʕālin; ʔanʕulin |
النِّعَالِ; الْأَنْعُلِ an-niʕāli; al-ʔanʕuli |
نِعَالِ; أَنْعُلِ niʕāli; ʔanʕuli |
Descendants edit
- Maltese: nagħal
- → Azerbaijani: nal
- → Baluchi: نال (nál), نعل
- → Georgian: ნალი (nali)
- → Bats: ნალ (nal)
- → Hindi: नाल (nāl)
- → Middle Armenian: նալ (nal)
- Armenian: նալ (nal)
- → Kurdish:
- → Persian: نعل (na'l)
- Tajik: наъл (naʾl)
- → Ottoman Turkish: نعل (nal)
- Turkish: nal
- → Pashto: نال (nāl)
- → Turkmen: naal
- → Urdu: نال (nāl)
Pronunciation 5 edit
Noun edit
نَعَل • (naʕal) m
- verbal noun of نَعِلَ (naʕila) (form I)
Declension edit
References edit
- Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 676
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “نعل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 303
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “نعل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1296
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 382
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “نعل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “نعل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1291
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
Verb edit
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَلَا (ʕalā)
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of عَلَى (ʕalā)
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
Etymology 4 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
Baluchi edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
نعل • (transliteration needed)
See also edit
- نال (nál)
Moroccan Arabic edit
Alternative forms edit
- لعن (lʕan)
Etymology edit
Root |
---|
ن ع ل |
1 term |
From Arabic لَعَنَ (laʕana) with metathesis.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
نعل • (nʕal) I (non-past ينعل (yinʕal))
Conjugation edit
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This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic نَعْل (naʕl, “horseshoe”).
Noun edit
نعل • (naʼl) (definite accusative نعلی (naʼlı), plural نعال (niʼal))
- horseshoe, the U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal
- ferrule, a band or cap of metal placed around a shaft to reinforce it
- patten, clog, sabot, any of various types of footwear made of wood
Derived terms edit
- نعل كسمك (naʼl kesmek, “to make horseshoes”)
- نعل چاقمق (naʼl çakmak, “to shoe a horse”)
- نعلبر (naʼlbur, “horseshoer”)
- نعلبند (naʼlband, “farrier, horseshoer”)
- نعلتراش (naʼltıraş, “maker of pattens”)
- نعللامق (naʼllamak, “to shoe a horse”)
- نعللری آتمق (naʼlları atmak, “to bite the dust”)
- نعللو (naʼllı, “provided with horseshoes”)
- نعلچه (naʼlça, “iron heel or clip”)
Descendants edit
- Turkish: nal
Further reading edit
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nal1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3484
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “na'l”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[4] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 961
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نعل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1280
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Solea”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[6], Vienna, column 1567
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نعل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[7], Vienna, column 5210
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nal”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نعل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2090
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [naʔl]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [næʔl̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [näʔl]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | na'l |
Dari reading? | na'l |
Iranian reading? | na'l |
Tajik reading? | naʾl |
Noun edit
Dari | نعل |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | наъл |
نعل • (na'l) (plural نعلها (na'l-hâ))
Derived terms edit
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic نَعْل (naʕl).
Noun edit
نَعْل • (na'l) m (Hindi spelling नाल)
Derived terms edit
- نعلین (na’lain)