आत्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• त्मन् (tmán)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• আত্মন্ (Assamese script)
• ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
• আত্মন্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• အာတ္မန် (Burmese script)
• આત્મન્ (Gujarati script)
• ਆਤ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಆತ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
• អាត្មន៑ (Khmer script)
• ອາຕ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
• ആത്മന് (Malayalam script)
• ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
• 𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଆତ୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ආත‍්මන් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஆத்மந் (Tamil script)
• ఆత్మౝ (Telugu script)
• อาตฺมนฺ (Thai script)
• ཨཱ་ཏྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁tmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā

Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːt.mɐ́n/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑːt̪.mɐn̪/

Noun

आत्मन् • (ātmán) stem, m

1. breath (RV.)
2. soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
3. self, ego
4. nature, character
5. a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
6. body
7. mind, understanding
8. the world-soul
9. effort (L.)
10. firmness (L.)
11. sun (L.)
12. fire (L.)
13. son (L.)

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आत्मा (ātmā́)	आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आत्मानः (ātmā́naḥ)
vocative	आत्मन् (ā́tman)	आत्मानौ (ā́tmānau) आत्माना¹ (ā́tmānā¹)	आत्मानः (ā́tmānaḥ)
accusative	आत्मानम् (ātmā́nam)	आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ)
instrumental	आत्मना (ātmánā)	आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām)	आत्मभिः (ātmábhiḥ)
dative	आत्मने (ātmáne)	आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām)	आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ)
ablative	आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ)	आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām)	आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ)
genitive	आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ)	आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ)	आत्मनाम् (ātmánām)
locative	आत्मनि (ātmáni) आत्मन्¹ (ātmán¹)	आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ)	आत्मसु (ātmásu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अनात्मन् (anātman)
• आत्मभाव (ātmabhāva)
• महात्मन् (mahātman)

Pronoun

आत्मन् • (ātmán)

1. (reflexive pronoun) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आत्मा (ātmā́)	आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आत्मानः (ātmā́naḥ)
vocative	आत्मन् (ā́tman)	आत्मानौ (ā́tmānau) आत्माना¹ (ā́tmānā¹)	आत्मानः (ā́tmānaḥ)
accusative	आत्मानम् (ātmā́nam)	आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹)	आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ)
instrumental	आत्मना (ātmánā)	आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām)	आत्मभिः (ātmábhiḥ)
dative	आत्मने (ātmáne)	आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām)	आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ)
ablative	आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ)	आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām)	आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ)
genitive	आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ)	आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ)	आत्मनाम् (ātmánām)
locative	आत्मनि (ātmáni) आत्मन्¹ (ātmán¹)	आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ)	आत्मसु (ātmásu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Domaaki: [script needed] (āpne)
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (amā̃)
  • Kashmiri:
    • Sharada script: 𑆥𑆳𑆤 (pāna)
    • Devanagari script: पान (pān)
    • Arabic script: پان (pān)
  • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (toma)
  • Shina: [script needed] (tomu)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (pāe, “he”)
• Pali: attan, tuma
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧 (appa), 𑀆𑀢 (āta), 𑀆𑀤 (āda), 𑀆𑀬 (āya) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms:

• → English: atman
• → Japanese: アートマン (ātoman)
• → Hindi: आत्मा (ātmā)
• → Korean: 아트만 (ateuman)
• → Marathi: आत्मा (ātmā)
• → Russian: а́тман (átman)
• → Spanish: atman
• → Telugu: ఆత్మ (ātma)
• → Tocharian B: ātmaṃttse

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 135, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 164-165
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ātmán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press