保守

Chinese

		to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard	to guard
trad. (保守)		保	守
simp. #(保守)		保	守
alternative forms		保㝊

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎoshǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² sau²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-sú
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pó-siú
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵pau-seu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoshǒu [Phonetic: báoshǒu]
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎoshǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pao³-shou³
    • Yale: bǎu-shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoshoou
    • Palladius: баошоу (baošou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou² sau²
    • Yale: bóu sáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou² sau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou² seo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-sú
    • Hakka Romanization System: bo` su`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bo³ su³
    • Sinological IPA: /po³¹ su³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-siú
    • Tâi-lô: pó-siú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poysiuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵pau-seu
    • MiniDict: pau^去 seu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau-seu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

Verb

保守

1. to keep; to guard

   保守黨的秘密／保守党的秘密  ―  bǎoshǒu Dǎng de mìmì  ―  to protect Party secrets

Synonyms

• 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 保持 (bǎochí)
• 守 (shǒu)
• 把牢 (bǎláo)
• 維持／维持 (wéichí)
• 維繫／维系 (wéixì)

 

Adjective

保守

1. conservative (tending to resist change or innovation)

   很保守的國家／很保守的国家  ―  hěn bǎoshǒu de guójiā  ―  very conservative country

Synonyms

• 守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù)
• 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
• 頑固／顽固 (wángù)

 

Antonyms

• 進步／进步 (jìnbù)
• 開明／开明 (kāimíng)
• 開通／开通 (kāitong)

 

Derived terms

• 保守主義／保守主义 (bǎoshǒu zhǔyì)
• 保守派 (bǎoshǒupài)
• 保守療法／保守疗法
• 保守黨／保守党 (Bǎoshǒudǎng)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
保	守
ほ Grade: 5	しゅ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ho̞ɕɨᵝ]

Noun

保(ほ)守(しゅ) • (hoshu) 

1. maintenance; conservation
2. (politics) political conservatism

Synonyms

• (maintenance): メンテナンス (mentenansu)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "political conservatism"): 革新(かくしん) (kakushin, “reform”)

Related terms

• リベラル (riberaru, “liberal”)

Verb

保(ほ)守(しゅ)する • (hoshu suru) transitive suru (stem 保(ほ)守(しゅ)し (hoshu shi), past 保(ほ)守(しゅ)した (hoshu shita))

1. maintain

Conjugation

Conjugation of "保守する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	保守し	ほしゅし	hoshu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	保守し	ほしゅし	hoshu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	保守する	ほしゅする	hoshu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	保守する	ほしゅする	hoshu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	保守すれ	ほしゅすれ	hoshu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	保守せよ¹ 保守しろ²	ほしゅせよ¹ ほしゅしろ²	hoshu seyo¹ hoshu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	保守される	ほしゅされる	hoshu sareru
Causative	保守させる 保守さす	ほしゅさせる ほしゅさす	hoshu saseru hoshu sasu
Potential	保守できる	ほしゅできる	hoshu dekiru
Volitional	保守しよう	ほしゅしよう	hoshu shiyō
Negative	保守しない	ほしゅしない	hoshu shinai
Negative continuative	保守せず	ほしゅせず	hoshu sezu
Formal	保守します	ほしゅします	hoshu shimasu
Perfective	保守した	ほしゅした	hoshu shita
Conjunctive	保守して	ほしゅして	hoshu shite
Hypothetical conditional	保守すれば	ほしゅすれば	hoshu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

See also

• Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/保守り

Korean

Hanja in this term
保	守

Noun

保守 • (bosu) (hangeul 보수)

1. Hanja form^? of 보수 (“conservation; political conservatism”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
保	守

Adjective

保守

1. chữ Hán form of bảo thủ (“conservative”).