Wiktionary

國家

Chinese

edit
country; state; nation
home; family; ‑ist
home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
 
trad. (國家) 國 家
simp. (国家) 国 家
anagram 家國／家国

Etymology

edit

In ancient China, the fief of a 諸侯／诸侯 (zhūhóu) was known as a 國／国 (guó), while the fief of a 大夫 (dàfū) was known as a 家 (jiā). The two characters are also attestable in pre-Qin texts when used together with the meaning of "country; nation; state".

Pronunciation

edit
Rime
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 德 (132) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 古或切 古牙切
Baxter kwok kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwək̚/ /kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷək̚/ /kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuək̚/ /ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwək̚/ /kaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/kuək̚/ /ka/
Wang
Li 		/kuək̚/ /ka/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwək̚/ /ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guo jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwak1 gaa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guó jiā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwok › ‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.q]ʷˁək/ /*kˁra/
English state (n.) household

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5547 5919
Phonetic
component 		或 家
Rime
group 		職 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		國 嘉
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷɯːɡ/ /*kraː/

Noun

edit

國家

  1. country; nation; (nation-)state (Classifier: 個／个)
    英語國家／英语国家  ―  yīngyǔ guójiā  ―  English-speaking country
    內陸國家／内陆国家  ―  nèilù guójiā  ―  landlocked country
    單一制國家／单一制国家  ―  dānyīzhì guójiā  ―  unitary state
    海洋國家／海洋国家  ―  hǎiyáng guójiā  ―  maritime state
    治理國家／治理国家  ―  zhìlǐ guójiā  ―  to govern a country
    報效國家／报效国家  ―  bàoxiào guójiā  ―  to serve one's country
    國家稅務總局／国家税务总局  ―  guójiā shuìwù zǒngjú  ―  the State Administration of Taxation (of the People's Republic of China)
    捍衛國家主權／捍卫国家主权  ―  hànwèi guójiā zhǔquán  ―  to uphold national sovereignty
    損害國家利益／损害国家利益  ―  sǔnhài guójiā lìyì  ―  to harm the national interest
    窒息國家的活力／窒息国家的活力  ―  zhìxī guójiā de huólì  ―  to stifle the vitality of the country
    國家社會科學基金 [MSC, trad.]
    国家社会科学基金 [MSC, simp.]
    guójiā shèhuì kēxué jījīn [Pinyin]
    The National Social Science Fund of China
    允許女性墮胎的國家 [MSC, trad.]
    允许女性堕胎的国家 [MSC, simp.]
    yǔnxǔ nǚxìng duòtāi de guójiā [Pinyin]
    countries that allow women to abort
    我們這個國家真是多災多難。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们这个国家真是多灾多难。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zhège guójiā zhēnshì duōzāiduōnàn. [Pinyin]
    Our country is really troubled.
    知識分子是國家的寶貴財富。 [MSC, trad.]
    知识分子是国家的宝贵财富。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhīshifènzǐ shì guójiā de bǎoguì cáifù. [Pinyin]
    Educated people are valuable assets to the country.
  2. (Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
  3. (Classical) emperor
  4. (Classical) city or town enfeoffed to a vassal lord
  5. (Classical) capital city (of a country)

Synonyms

edit
  • (country):
  • (royal court):
  • (emperor):
  • (capital city):

Derived terms

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (國家):

Others:

References

edit

Japanese

edit
Kanji in this term
國 家
こく > こっ
Jinmeiyō 		か
Grade: 2
kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 國家 – see the following entry.
【国家こっか】
[noun] nation; state
(This term, 國家, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

edit
Hanja in this term
國家

Noun

edit

國家 • (gukga) (hangeul 국가)

  1. hanja form? of 국가 (“nation, country, state, polity”)

Vietnamese

edit
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
國家

Noun

edit

國家

  1. chữ Hán form of quốc gia (“nation, state”).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=國家&oldid=82341621"