剡

剡 U+5261, 剡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5261 ← 剠 [U+5260] CJK Unified Ideographs 剢 → [U+5262]

Translingual

Han character

剡 (radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火火中弓 (FFLN), four-corner 9280₀, composition ⿰炎刂)

1. sharp, sharp-pointed
2. sharpen

References

• KangXi: page 141, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2059
• Dae Jaweon: page 321, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 346, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5261

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		剡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
倓	*l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂	*l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧	*l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧	*l̥ʰaːms
睒	*l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕	*l̥ʰaːms
談	*l'aːm
郯	*l'aːm
惔	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟	*l'aːm
淡	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰	*l'aːm
餤	*l'aːm
啖	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅	*l'aːms
剡	*ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢	*hljamʔ
掞	*hljams
炎	*ɦlam
琰	*lamʔ
棪	*lamʔ
扊	*lamʔ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Initial *r- was re-interpreted as pre-initial and dropped; whereas doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shàn, yǎn (shan⁴, yan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ, ㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sim⁶, jim⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shan4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
    • Wade–Giles: yen3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sim⁶, jim⁵
    • Yale: sihm, yíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sim⁶, jim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: xim⁶, yim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm²²/, /jiːm¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /jiᴇm^X/, /d͡ʑiᴇm^X/

Rime
Character	剡	剡
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以冉切	時染切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇmX/	/d͡ʑiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛmX/	/d͡ʑiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/jæmX/	/d͡ʑjæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiamX/	/d͡ʑiamX/
Li Rong	/iɛmX/	/ʑiɛmX/
Wang Li	/jĭɛmX/	/ʑĭɛmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛmX/	/ʑi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn	shàn

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-r[a]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljamʔ/, /*lamʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ yemX ›
Old Chinese	/*N-r[a]mʔ/
English	sharp; pierce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剡	剡
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	14311	14317
Phonetic component	炎	炎
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	剡	琰
Old Chinese	/*ɦljamʔ/	/*lamʔ/

Definitions

剡

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

剡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. sharp
2. sharp-pointed
3. sharpen

Readings

• On (unclassified): えん (en), せん (sen), ぜん (zen)
• Kun: するどい (surudoi), そるどくする (sorudokusuru), けずる (kezuru)

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Korean

Hanja

剡 • (seom,yeom) (hangeul 섬,염, revised seom, yeom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, yŏm)

1. sharp