覃

Translingual edit

Han character edit

覃 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田日十 (MWAJ), four-corner 1040₆, composition ⿱覀早)

reach to, spread to
extensive

Derived characters edit

𪒤, 譚

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1128, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34778
Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2807, character 10
Unihan data for U+8983

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		覃
alternative forms		𪉷𪉲𧟹𪉞𪉙𪉷𪉲𧟹𪉞𪉙𧟩

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 覃
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (覃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鷣	luː, lɯm
撢	l̥ʰɯːm, l'ɯːms, lɯm, ʔl'aːnʔ
憛	*l̥ʰɯːms
潭	l'ɯːm, lɯmʔ
譚	l'ɯːm, l'ɯːmʔ
覃	*l'ɯːm
鐔	l'ɯːm, ljɯm, *lɯm
藫	*l'ɯːm
橝	l'ɯːm, l'ɯːmʔ
蟫	l'ɯːm, lɯm
燂	l'ɯːm, zlom, *ljum
醰	l'ɯːm, l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms
禫	*l'ɯːmʔ
嘾	*l'ɯːmʔ
贉	l'ɯːmʔ, l'ɯːms
瞫	l'ɯːms, hljɯmʔ
蕈	*zlɯmʔ
鱏	ljɯm, lɯm
簟	*l'ɯːmʔ
驔	*l'ɯːmʔ
磹	*l'ɯːms

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tán (tan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taam⁴
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tam²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): tam⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan²
  - Yale: tán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
  - Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taam⁴
  - Yale: tàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tam²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâm
  - Tâi-lô: thâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: taam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dom

Rime
Character	覃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒含切
Baxter	dom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/dəm/
Shao Rongfen	/dɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəm/
Li Rong	/dᴀm/
Wang Li	/dɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N.rˤ[o]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	覃
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tán
Middle Chinese	‹ dom ›
Old Chinese	/*N.rˁ[o]m/
English	extend, spread
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	覃
Reading #	1/1
No.	12320
Phonetic component	覃
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	覃
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːm/

Definitions edit

覃

(obsolete) long
- 鳥乃去矣，后稷呱矣。實覃實訏，厥聲載路。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  鸟乃去矣，后稷呱矣。实覃实𬣙，厥声载路。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Niǎo nǎi qù yǐ, Hòujì guā yǐ. Shí tán shí xū, jué shēng zǎi lù. [Pinyin]
  When the bird went away,
  Hou-ji began to wail.
  His cry was long and loud,
  So that his voice filled the whole way.
(obsolete) to spread; to extend
- 葛之覃兮，施于中谷。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Gě zhī tán xī, shī yú zhōnggǔ. [Pinyin]
  How the dolichos spread itself out,
  Extending to the middle of the valley!
(obsolete) to widely bestow
(literary) deep; profound
a surname

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-r[a]mʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	覃
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ yem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*N-r[a]mʔ/
English	pointed, sharp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions edit

覃

Alternative form of 剡 (yǎn, “sharp; pointed”)

Etymology 3 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Zhuang Cimz?”)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qín (qin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam⁴
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): qin²
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): cing⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qín
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cín
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin²
  - Yale: chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cam⁴
  - Yale: chàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cing⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions edit

覃

a surname

References edit

“覃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

覃

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

deep, extend, large

Readings edit

Go-on: どん (don)
Kan-on: たん (tan)
Kun: うまい (umai); のびる (nobiru); ながい (nagai)

Korean edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)