墾

See also: 垦

墾 U+58BE, 墾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58BE ← 墽 [U+58BD] CJK Unified Ideographs 墿 → [U+58BF]

Translingual

Han character

墾 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月女土 (BVG), four-corner 2710₄, composition ⿱貇土)

Derived characters

• 𡓚 𮒰

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5509
• Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 492, character 4
• Unihan data for U+58BE

Chinese

trad.		墾
simp.		垦*
alternative forms		𡍭 𡓚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kěn (ken³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): han²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khién / khián

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kên³

• Eastern Min (BUC): kōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): keng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kěn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻên³
    • Yale: kěn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keen
    • Palladius: кэнь (kɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: han²
    • Yale: hán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: han²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
    • Hakka Romanization System: kien`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian<sup>3</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
    • Hakka Romanization System: kian`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kên³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰɛn³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰouŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: keng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ́ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: khonX

Rime
Character	墾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	康很切
Baxter	khonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰənX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰənX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰənX/
Li Rong	/kʰənX/
Wang Li	/kʰənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	han2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墾
Reading #	1/1
No.	3930
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	墾
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːnʔ/

Definitions

墾

1. to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland
2. to till; to plow

Compounds

• 墾地／垦地 (kěndì)
• 墾殖／垦殖 (kěnzhí)
• 墾田／垦田
• 墾荒／垦荒 (kěnhuāng)
• 墾闢／垦辟
• 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn)
• 山田燒墾／山田烧垦
• 排水開墾／排水开垦
• 濫墾／滥垦
• 耕墾／耕垦
• 農墾／农垦 (nóngkěn)
• 開墾／开垦 (kāikěn)
• 鹽墾／盐垦

 

Japanese

Kanji

墾

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to till, to plough
2. to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
• Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 墾く); たがやす (tagayasu, 墾す); はる (haru, 墾る)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 墾(こん)田(でん) (konden, “newly cultivated field”)
• 墾(こん)化(か) (konka, “cultivation of land”)
• 墾(こん)芸(げい) (kongei)
• 墾(こん)荒(こう) (konkō, “reclaiming land”)
• 墾(こん)耕(こう) (konkō, “cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)鑿(さく) (konsaku, “plowing land and digging ditches”)
• 墾(こん)種(しゅ) (konshu, “plowing and cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)除(じょ) (konjo, “plowing/cultivating land”)
• 墾壌(こん) (konjō, “cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)殖(しょく) (konshoku, “plowing and cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)植(しょく) (konshoku, “same as 墾殖”)
• 墾(こん)耨(じょく) (konjoku, “clearing and pruning of land”)
• 墾(こん)草(そう) (konsō, “cultivation of grassland”)
• 墾(こん)発(ぱつ) (konpatsu, “cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)辟(ぺき) (konpeki, “cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)闢(ぺき) (konpeki, “cultivation”)
• 墾(こん)民(みん) (konmin, “settler, colonist”)
• 墾(はり)道(みち) (harimichi, “newly-cleared road”)
• 開(かい)墾(こん) (kaikon, “cultivation, clearing”)
• 耕(こう)墾(こん) (kōkon, “plowing and cultivation”)
• 鉏墾
• 新(しん)墾(こん) (shinkon, “reclaiming, cultivation”)
• 償墾
• 備墾
• 闢(へき)墾(こん) (hekikon, “cultivation”)
• 翻墾

Korean

Hanja

墾 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

墾: Hán Nôm readings: khẩn

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