Wiktionary

根

根 U+6839, 根
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6839
← 核
[U+6838] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 栺 →
[U+683A]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

根 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木日女 (DAV), four-corner 47932, composition ⿰木艮)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 524, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14745
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1208, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6839

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 根

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艱 *krɯːn
齦 *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼 *ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝 *ɡrɯːn
限 *ɡrɯːnʔ
硍 *ɡrɯːnʔ
豤 *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪 *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根 *kɯːn
跟 *kɯːn
珢 *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮 *kɯːns
茛 *kɯːns
墾 *kʰɯːnʔ
懇 *kʰɯːnʔ
垠 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕 *ɡɯːn
拫 *ɡɯːn
鞎 *ɡɯːn
很 *ɡɯːnʔ
恨 *ɡɯːns
銀 *ŋrɯn
檭 *ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯːn): semantic 木 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

EtymologyEdit

Possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *(d)kər (“tree, plant”) (whence Proto-Vietic *kəl > Vietnamese cây, Muong câl), *d₂gəl ~ d₂g(əə)l (“trunk; stump”) (whence Khmer គល់ (kŭəl, “stump; floating log”), Proto-Monic *t(l)gəl (“stump”)).

Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposes a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) with redundant nominalizing suffix *-n. See 荄 for more.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • gṳ̆ng - vernacular (“root; descendant; base”);
  • gŏng - literary (“source; basis”).
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • geng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
    • gêng1 - Jieyang;
    • ging1 - Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 根
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 痕 (53)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古痕切
    Baxter kon
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kən/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kən/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kən/
    Li
    Rong         		/kən/
    Wang
    Li         		/kən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gēn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gan1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 根
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gēn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kon ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁə[r]/
    English root, trunk

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 根
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3920
    Phonetic
    component         		艮
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		根
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kɯːn/

    DefinitionsEdit

    根

    1. (botany) root (Classifier: 條／条 m)
    2. base; basis; foundation
    3. family root; ancestors
    4. (figurative) descendant; offspring
    5. source; origin
    6. (figurative) penis (Classifier: 條／条 m)
    7. (Buddhism) indriya; faculty; spiritual faculty
    8. (arithmetic) root
    9. (mathematics) solution to an algebraic equation (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    10. (chemistry) radical
    11. (computing) root
      根目錄／根目录  ―  gēn mùlù  ―  root directory
      根分區／根分区  ―  gēn fēnqū  ―  root partition
    12. completely; from the source
    13. Classifier for long, slender objects, such as cigarettes, fingers, candles, ropes, and guitar strings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

    SynonymsEdit

    • (descendant):
    Synonyms of 根
    • (source):
    Synonyms of 根
    • (arithmetic root): 方根 (fānggēn)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 根

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    根

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. root
    2. base, foundation

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    根
    ね
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    根(ね) • (ne) 

    1. [from 712] a root of a plant
    2. [from 720] (by extension) the source or root of something
    3. [from 1000] the cause or basis for something
    4. [from mid-1300s] one's nature, the character one has by birth
    SynonymsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    根
    こん
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 根 (MC kən). First cited in Japanese contexts in the 法華義疏 (Hokke Gisho) dated to 615,[1] a commentary on the Buddhist Lotus Sutra that was written in Classical Chinese.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    根(こん) • (kon) 

    1. [from 615] (Buddhism) the original motive force leading to perception of something by the five senses or by thought
    2. [from 1477] genitals; more commonly, the male genitals
    3. [from 1790] perseverance, patience
      Synonym: 根気 (konki)
    4. [from 1889] (mathematics) a root, such as a square root (calque of English root)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “根”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    根 (eumhun 뿌리 근 (ppuri geun))

    1. Hanja form? of 근 (“root; base; stump”).

    CompoundsEdit

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    根 (hiragana にー, romaji nī)

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 根 (ne).

    NounEdit

    根 (hiragana にー, romaji nī)

    1. root

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    根: Hán Nôm readings: căn, cằn, cỗi

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