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土

See also: 士, 圡, 𡈽, and ±
土 U+571F, 土
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-571F
← 圞
[U+571E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圠 →
[U+5720]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 32 土

土 (radical 32, 土+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 土 (G), four-corner 40100, composition ⿱十一)

  1. Kangxi radical #32, ⼟.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 223, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4867
  • Dae Jaweon: page 453, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 415, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+571F

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 土

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 土
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Pictogram (象形): a lump of clay on a potter’s wheel.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: dou6 - “ground, dust”.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 土
Mandarin Beijing /tʰu²¹⁴/
Harbin /tʰu²¹³/
Tianjin /tʰu¹³/
Jinan /tʰu⁵⁵/
Qingdao /tʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tʰu⁵³/
Xi'an /tʰu⁵³/
Xining /tʰv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /tʰu⁵³/
Lanzhou /tʰu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /tʰu⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰəu⁴²/
Chengdu /tʰu⁵³/
Guiyang /tʰu⁴²/
Kunming /tʰu⁵³/
Nanjing /tʰu²¹²/
Hefei /tʰu²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰu⁵³/
Pingyao /tʰu⁵³/
Hohhot /tʰu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /tʰu³⁵/
Suzhou /tʰəu⁵¹/
Hangzhou /tʰu⁵³/
Wenzhou /tʰøy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tʰu³⁵/
Tunxi /tʰəu³¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /tʰəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tʰu³¹/
Taoyuan /tʰu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰou³⁵/
Nanning /tʰu³⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰou³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰu³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰu²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰou⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hɔu³¹/ 訓途
/hɔu²¹³/ ～產
Rime
Character 土
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他魯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɔX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰoX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tǔ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 土
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁaʔ/
English earth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 土
Reading # 1/2
No. 12499
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		土
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰaːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

土

  1. earth; soil
    這兒的土夠肥的。 / 这儿的土够肥的。  ―  Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.  ―  The soil here is quite fertile.
  2. clay
  3. crude opium
  4. dust
  5. (Teochew) ground
  6. local; native; indigenous
    土著  ―  tǔzhù  ―  aboriginal
  7. rustic; unsophisticated
    我覺得東北話實在太土了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我觉得东北话实在太土了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le. [Pinyin]
    I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.
  8. the Tujia ethnic group (土家族 (Tǔjiāzú))
  9. the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol (土族 (tǔzú))
  10. A surname​.

Pronunciation 2Edit

Rime
Character 土
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒古切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/doX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɔX/
Li
Rong 		/doX/
Wang
Li 		/duX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dù
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 土
Reading # 2/2
No. 12503
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		杜
Old
Chinese 		/*l'aːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

土

  1. † Alternative form of 杜 (dù, “root”).
  2. † An ancient river.

Pronunciation 3Edit

DefinitionsEdit

土

  1. † Only used in 土苴 (chǎzhǎ).

Pronunciation 4Edit

DefinitionsEdit

土

  1. Only used in 土門／土门 (Túmén).

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (土):

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 土

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

土

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds
Kanji in this term
土
つち
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Japanese.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

土 (hiragana つち, rōmaji tsuchi)

  1. earth; soil; mud
  2. the ground
Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Etymology 2Edit

Derived from Japanese 土耳古 (Toruko, “Turkey”)

Proper nounEdit

Kanji in this term
土
と
Grade: 1

土 (hiragana と, rōmaji To)

  1. (abbreviation) short notation of Turkey

KoreanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

HanjaEdit

土 (eumhun 흙 토 (heuk to))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

CompoundsEdit

NounEdit

土 • (to) (hangeul 토)

  1. earth
  2. (as an abbreviation) Saturday

Etymology 2Edit

HanjaEdit

土 (eumhun 뿌리 두 (ppuri du))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

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